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上個世紀70年代早期，在金西研究所（Kinsey
Institute）工作的兩位美國社會學家約翰·加格農（John
Gagnon）和威廉·西蒙（William Simon）提出了一個人類性行為發展的新模式。他們把性行為解釋成“腳本行為”（1973），即按照一個劇本——或者更恰當地說：按照由社會環境和由個體內化相整合的複合的腳本所構建的行為。
一個社會腳本可以比喻為一部電影腳本；電影腳本告訴演員在他們必須扮演的各種各樣場景中說什麼和做什麼。它明確地規定他們的角色，告訴他們如何著裝和動作以及他們該如何與其他劇情人物相配合。總起來說，電影腳本也給演員和觀眾展示這部電影的意思是什麼。
儘管從來就沒有人清楚地解釋過大多數的社會腳本，但是它們存在於整個社會的生活圈。不但成文的規則而且不成文的規則都暗示我們該如何在各種各樣的社會環境中舉手投足——在學校、在上班、在聚會、遇見陌生人、做主人、在電話上講話、駕駛小汽車、在機場安檢，如此這般。簡而言之，每一種社會交往都要遵從某一種腳本，因而所有的人類的行為可以被理解成腳本行為（scripted
behavior）。性行為概莫例外。的的確確，一旦我們開始把行為看作腳本行為，我們再一次獲得了全然的新景觀。
約翰·加格農（1933-
）和威廉·西蒙（1930-2000）
本教程只能對他們的理論作一個概括。欲知詳細內容，請參考原著：約翰·加格農.威廉·西蒙.《性舉止：人類的性的社會基礎》.芝加哥，1973，©金西研究所版權所有。
John Gagnon (b. 1933) and William Simon (1930-2000)
This course can provide only a brief introduction to their theory. For details, see the original study:
J. Gagnon, W. Simon,"Sexual Conduct: The Social Sources of Human Sexuality", Chicago.1973
© Kinsey Institute
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Development of Sexual Behavior |
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Introduction
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A Script? |
In the early 1970s, two American sociologists working at the Kinsey Institute proposed a new model of human sexual development.
John Gagnon and William Simon described sexual behavior as “scripted behavior”, i.e. as behavior that follows a script - or rather a combination of scripts - provided by the social environment and internalized by the individual.
A social script can be compared to a movie script that tells actors what to say and what to do in the various scenes they have to play. It defines their roles, tells them how they should dress and move, and how they should interact with the other characters. Taken as a whole, the script also reveals to them and to the audience what the whole drama means.
Social scripts exist in all spheres of life, although most of them are never spelled out. Both written and unwritten rules suggest to us how we should behave in all sorts of situations – in school, on the job, at a party, meeting strangers, playing hosts, talking on the phone, driving a car, checking in at the airport, etc., In short, every social interaction follows some kind of script, and therefore
all human behavior can be understood as scripted behavior. Sexual behavior is no exception. Indeed, once we start looking at it as scripted, we gain an entirely new perspective. |
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