被禁止的性行为与性暴力

成人与儿童的性接触: 娈童癖：定义

术语“性欲娈童癖(erotic pedophilia)”是由理查德·冯·克拉夫特-埃宾在他的有影响的著作《性病态》(“Psychopathia sexualis”，1886)首次引介的。他认为性欲娈童癖连同施虐癖和受虐癖(他也引介了这些术语)一起都是“性心理疾病”。他的同僚采用了他的许多术语和观念，而且现今的精神病专业提出了这个娈童癖的特征：

这个定义的延伸解释就是：这些“性幻想、性欲或行为会导致客观的、具有临床诊断意义的痛苦或在社会交往、职业能力或其它个人能力发挥方面的损害”。该定义进一步陈述道，娈童癖者“至少是16周岁和至少比所迷恋的儿童大5周岁”。该定义不包括“与12或13周岁的儿童(异性恋者或同性恋者)正发生性关系的青春后期的个体。”最后，该定义得出了这些观察结论：“有娈童癖的个体通常主诉对特定年龄段的儿童有性吸引。一些个体偏好男性，有些个体偏好女性，而还有一些个体则被男女两个性别性唤起。据报道，涉及到女性受害人的娈童癖多于涉及到男性受害人的娈童癖”。^[1]

[1]. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition(DSM-IV, TR) 2000

The term „erotic pedophilia“ was introduced by Richard von Krafft-Ebing in his influential study “Psychopathia sexualis” (1886). He considered it a “sexual sickness of the mind” along with sadism and masochism (he introduced these terms as well). His colleagues adopted many of his terms and ideas, and today the psychiatric profession offers this characterization of pedophilia:

“Over a period of at least six months, recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 or younger).”

The definition continues by explaining that these “fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning”. It further states that the pedophile “is at least age 16 years and at least 5 years older than the child or children” The definition does not include “an individual in late adolescence involved in an ongoing sexual relationship with a 12 or 13 year old (straight or gay)”. Finally, the definition makes these observations: “Individuals with pedophilia generally report an attraction to children of a particular age range. Some individuals prefer males, others prefer females, and some are aroused by both males and females. Pedophilia involving female victims is reported more than pedophilia involving male victims." ¹

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
(DSM-IV,TR) 2000