Adult Sexual Contact with Children

被禁止的性行为与性暴力

成人与儿童的性接触

对于像本教程这样的普通教程,成人与儿童之间的性接触是一个难度不小的选题。作为一门导论教程,在此留意到有一定实用价值的三个国际公约也许莫无裨益:

 

第一个联合国权利公约已经同时得到了几乎所有国家的批准,第二个联合国权利公约获得各个国家批准的情况也较乐观。另一方面,因为欧盟委员会相对较新的这个决议书扩展了儿童期的定义而遭到抨击。不过,这个决议书只是步早前的联合国权利公约的后尘而已。当然,这三个文件都是这样定义儿童的:“小于18周岁的每一个人

毋庸置疑,起草这些文件的作者是出于保护和也给予儿童个人权利的崇高愿望的动机。但是,正如许多性学家和律师已经指出的那样,在人类的性的方面,为了青少年的利益简单地通过称他们为儿童而否定他们这样的权利是轻率的。法律把儿童期扩展到青春期之后,蓄意地忽视生物上的事实,一定会导致一些非常负面的后果。甚至,这个关于儿童的新定义,可能会终止对其它免于法律责任的十几岁的青少年数量巨大的犯罪指控。例如,如果他们相互拍摄淫秽的照片或为报酬而发生性行为(可能也包括被邀请去拍摄类似的电影)就会违法[3]。此外,这个关于儿童的定义与许多国家的刑法相矛盾,这就更不要说现行的精神病诊断手册了

正如该举例显示的一样,在如何定义儿童这一点上现今不存在普遍一致的意见,而且就青少年的性权利和性义务方面也不存在多数人一致同意的意见。现时不协调的观点只不过反映了我们的社会对待青年人一直以来的矛盾心态。

 

[1]. 中国政府1990829日签署,1992131日批准加入,199242日对中国生效。——译者注。

[2]. 中国政府2002123日交存批准书。——译者注。

[3].Helmut Graupner JD, “The 17-Year-Old Child: An Absurdity of the Late 20th Century”, Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, Vol. 16, Nr 2/3

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Adult Sexual Contact with Children

Sexual contact between adults and children is a difficult topic for a general course like this. As an introduction, it may be useful to take note of three international conventions that are of some relevance here:

 

  1. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1990
  2. UN Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, 2002
  3. EU Council Framework Decision on combating the sexual exploitation of children and child pornography, 2003

The first of the UN conventions has, in the meantime, been ratified by almost all countries, and the second is well on its way. The relatively new EU Framework Decision, on the other hand, has come under attack for its extensive definition of childhood. However, it only follows the example of the preceding UN conventions. Indeed, all three texts define “child” as “every human being below the age of eighteen years”.
Undoubtedly, the authors of these documents were motivated by the noble wish to secure and extend important personal rights also to children. However, as many sexologists and lawyers have pointed out, in the sphere of human sexuality, it is unwise to deny such rights to adolescents “for their own good” by simply calling them children. The legal extension of childhood beyond puberty willfully disregards the biological facts and is bound to lead to some very negative unintended consequences. Indeed, the new definition is likely to end up criminalizing vast numbers of otherwise harmless teenagers. For example, they will break the law if they take “lascivious” photos of each other or have sexual intercourse “for remuneration”, which can include the invitation to a movie 1. Moreover, the definition is in direct conflict with the criminal laws in many countries, to say nothing of current psychiatric handbooks.
As this example shows, there is no general agreement today on how to define a “child”, and there is no consensus about the sexual rights and duties of adolescents. The present inconsistent views merely reflect our society’s continuing ambivalence towards the young.

1. Helmut Graupner JD, “The 17-Year-Old Child: An Absurdity of the Late 20th Century”,
Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, Vol. 16, Nr 2/3

[Course 6] [Description] [How to use it] [Introduction] [Development] [Basic Types] [Variations] [Prohibited Behavior] [Sex with Children] [Prostitution] [Sexual Violence] [Additional Reading] [Examination]