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理查德·冯·克拉夫特-埃宾 (1840-1902)，奥地利精神病学家，于1886年出版过有影响力的著作《性病态》。在该书里，他把许多反传统的性行为表现描述成精神疾病的征象。在书中，他也引入了描述这些性行为的精神病学病名，诸如“性虐待狂”、“性受虐狂”和“恋童癖”。
Richard
von Krafft-Ebing
(1840-1902), a psychiatrist in Austria, published his influential study „Psychopathia Sexualis“ (Sexual Sickness of the Mind) in 1886. In it, he described many cases of unconventional sexual behavior as signs of mental illness. He also introduced psychiatric names for some of these behaviors, such as “sadism”, “masochism”, and “erotic pedophilia”.
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到了19世纪末期，具有多种多样表现形式的男女的“性(sexuality)”[1]已经成为了科学研究的对象。确切地说，人们逐渐到处可以见到“性(sex)”的存在。然而，与此同时，他们自己也发现描述感官欲望或性欲望的词汇量大大地减少了。在中世纪的英国、法国、西班牙、意大利和德国，表达性器官、身体机能和做爱(lovemaking)的那些古怪的词语，已经逐渐地被一些使人窘迫的委婉词语和让人不能理解的大量希腊与拉丁术语所替代。丰富的本国词汇被“粗俗”而“下流”的外国词汇所压制。
到了克拉夫特-埃宾在他的出生国出版自己的著作《性病态》(Psychopathia
Sexualis)[2]的时候，“能够让人容忍”的涉“性”的词语就已经变得少之又少了，并且公众变得如此的敏感，以至于不能公开谈论“性”这个话题了。为了不让普通读者读懂这本书里的内容和避免遭致可能的舆论抨击，不仅书名本身，而且许多直露的段落都是用拉丁文写成的。
Introduction - What is sexual behavior?
History of the Term 7
Toward the end of the 19th century, the “sexuality“ of females and males with its manifold manifestations had become an object of scientific research. Indeed, people began to see "sex" everywhere. At the same time, however, they also found themselves with a greatly reduced vocabulary for the sensual or erotic. The fantastic variety of medieval English, French, Spanish, Italian, and German words for sex organs, body functions, and lovemaking had gradually been replaced by some embarrassed euphemisms and a small number of incomprehensible Greek and Latin terms. The rich vernacular was suppressed as "vulgar" and "dirty".
By the time
Krafft-Ebing published his study “Psychopathia Sexualis” in his native German, the “acceptable” language had become so impoverished and the public had become so sensitive that one could no longer talk openly about the subject of “sex”. Not only the title of the book itself, but also many explicit passages were written in Latin so that ordinary readers could not understand them and perhaps take offense.
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