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性行为的基本类型
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1. 自我性刺激:
简史 |
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格雷厄姆与凯洛格的“手淫”观
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在19世纪的美国，两位把手淫作为罪恶反对得最为激烈的斗士都是“健康生活”的激进提倡者。他们通过把旧时对于手淫的精神病恐惧心理与新出现的膳食养生结合起来，开辟了反对手淫的新疆域和极大地影响了美国中产阶级的文化。西尔威斯特·格雷厄姆(Sylvester Graham)是一位长老会会长，也许今天仍被人作为“金麦粉饼干(Graham
crackers)”的发明者而被人记起，他甚至也支持会降低性冲动(sexual
urges)的素食膳食。不过，他首次出名是因为反对“自读(self-abuse)”的演讲和写作。他通过把几乎每一种可能的健康问题归咎到这种“讨厌的习惯(loathsome habit)”，成功地恐吓住了大批的听众和读者。第二位影响甚至更为深远的反手淫十字军斗士、一位狂热的素食主义者约翰
H. 凯洛格。他作为一名内科医生在密西根州的贝特·克里克镇(Battle
Creek)曾经经营着一个疗养院，用灌肠疗法和多种谷物膳食(其中之一有他开发的烤玉米薄饼)为病人治病。他同样不把性活动看作是健康的行为，自己一直没有结婚，并且认为手淫尤其有害，称它为“死亡的无形杀手”。他不允许习惯性手淫者去他的疗养院疗养，因为他认为这些手淫者无可救药。反过来，他认为任何对他的治疗无效的疾病可归咎于私下的手淫行为。 |
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(左)西尔威斯特·格雷厄姆(1795-1851年)
(右)
约翰·哈维·凯洛格 (1852-1943年)
(left) Sylvester Graham (1795-1851)
(right) John Harvey Kellogg (1852-1943)
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Basic Types of Sexual Behavior |
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1. Sexual Self-stimulation: History
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Graham and Kellogg
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In 19th-century America, the two greatest fighters against the evils of masturbation were radical proponents of “healthy living”. By conflating old psychiatric fears with a new concern about diet, they conquered new territory and greatly influenced middle-class culture in the US.
Sylvester Graham, a Presbyterian minister, may still be remembered today as the inventor of “Graham crackers”, and, indeed, he also championed a vegetarian diet that would dampen the sexual urges. However, he first became known as a popular lecturer and writer against “self-abuse”. He succeeded in scaring his large audiences and many readers by tracing practically every possible health problem to this “loathsome habit”. The next, even more influential anti-masturbation crusader was a physician:
Dr. John H. Kellogg. The fanatical vegetarian ran a sanitarium in Battle Creek, Michigan, where he treated his patients with enemas and a diet of various grain products (among other things, he developed toasted corn flakes). He also disapproved of all sexual activity as unhealthy. His own marriage remained unconsummated, and he considered masturbation especially harmful, calling it “the silent killer of the night”. Confirmed masturbators were not admitted to his clinic, because he considered them beyond help. Conversely, any illness that proved resistant to treatment was traceable to secret masturbation.
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