被禁止的性行為與性暴力

成人與兒童的性接觸: 孌童癖：定義

術語“性欲孌童癖（erotic pedophilia）”是由理查德·馮·克拉夫特-埃賓在他的有影響的著作《性病態》（Psychopathia sexualis，1886）首次引介的。他認為性欲孌童癖連同施虐癖和受虐癖（他也引介了這些術語）一起都是“性心理疾病”。他的同僚採用了他的許多術語和觀念，而且現今的精神病專業提出了這個孌童癖的特徵：

這個定義的延伸解釋就是：這些“性幻想、性欲或行為會導致客觀的、具有臨床診斷意義的痛苦或在社會交往、職業能力或其他個人能力發揮方面的損害”。該定義進一步陳述道，孌童癖者“至少是16周歲和至少比所迷戀的兒童大5周歲”。該定義不包括“與12或13周歲的兒童（異性戀者或同性戀者）正發生性關係的青春後期的個體。”最後，該定義得出了這些觀察結論：“有孌童癖的個體通常主訴對特定年齡段的兒童有性吸引。一些個體偏好男性，有些個體偏好女性，而還有一些個體則被男女兩個性別性喚起。據報導，涉及到女性受害人的孌童癖多於涉及到男性受害人的孌童癖”[1]。

The term „erotic pedophilia“ was introduced by Richard von Krafft-Ebing in his influential study “Psychopathia sexualis” (1886). He considered it a “sexual sickness of the mind” along with sadism and masochism (he introduced these terms as well). His colleagues adopted many of his terms and ideas, and today the psychiatric profession offers this characterization of pedophilia:

“Over a period of at least six months, recurrent, intense, sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children (generally age 13 or younger).”

The definition continues by explaining that these “fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning”. It further states that the pedophile “is at least age 16 years and at least 5 years older than the child or children” The definition does not include “an individual in late adolescence involved in an ongoing sexual relationship with a 12 or 13 year old (straight or gay)”. Finally, the definition makes these observations: “Individuals with pedophilia generally report an attraction to children of a particular age range. Some individuals prefer males, others prefer females, and some are aroused by both males and females. Pedophilia involving female victims is reported more than pedophilia involving male victims." ¹

1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
(DSM-IV,TR) 2000