|
時至今日，婦女始終被指望為避孕負主要的責任。因此，年復一年過去了，我們研製出了數量龐大的各種各樣針對女性的避孕方法。除了男女都可運用的禁絕性交避孕法以外，唯獨針對婦女研製的避孕方法有機械的方法（女用避孕套、陰道隔膜、宮頸帽和宮內避孕器）、化學的方法（避孕藥、避孕貼片、陰道環、皮膚埋置杆、避孕針劑和性交後避孕藥）、殺精子方法（殺精子凝膠、殺精子乳膏、殺精子泡沫劑、殺精子泡沫片和栓劑）和排卵期避免性交（安全期避孕）。
使用哪一種避孕方法依多種因素而定。首先，並不是每一種方法對每一個女子都適用。她的個人習慣和偏好起著重要的作用，她的個人健康狀態也有著決定性影響；第二，也不是所有的避孕方法到處都得到了可靠的運用。在某些國家，一些避孕方法比其他的方法更積極地被推廣。例如，使用宮內避孕器在中國比在美國普遍得多。宮頸帽、皮下埋置杆和避孕針劑的使用也存在著國與國之間的極大差別；最後，須謹記的是，各個國家市場上正在銷售的避孕藥具商品名各不相同，而且它們的劑量和外觀也是各異。所以，下述的內容只是大體的描述，並未涉及避孕藥具的商品名、外形差異和各種實用特性。
|
|
Contraception |
|
Methods
of Contraception:Contraceptive
Methods for Women
|
|
To this day, women have always been expected to take the main responsibility for contraception. Thus, over the years, a great variety of methods had been developed. In addition to
total abstinence, there have been
mechanical methods (female condom, diaphragm and cervical cap, intrauterine devices),
hormonal methods (the “pill”, the patch, the ring, implants, injections, post-coital pills),
spermicidal methods (jellies, creams, foams, foaming tablets, suppositories),
abstinence during fertile days (rhythm method).
Which of these methods is used by which women depends on a great number of factors. First of all, not every method is suitable for every woman. Her personal habits and preferences play an important role, and so does her individual health status. Second, not all methods are available everywhere. In some countries, certain methods are promoted much more vigorously than others. As a result, for example, intrauterine devices are much more popular in China than in the USA. There are also great differences from country to country in the use of cervical caps, implants, and injections. Finally, it has to be kept in mind that the methods are being marketed under different brand names in different countries and also show some variation in their dosage and appearance. The following sections therefore offer only general descriptions and do not go into details about the brand names, different shapes, and availability of the various methods.
|
