|
|
|
避孕方法:不用醫學協助的方法
|
勿需醫生處方，我們有四種避孕方法可用：禁絕性交（Abstinence from coitus）、陰莖退離或體外排精避孕法（withdrawal
或coitus abruptus）、避孕套（condom）和殺精子劑（spermicides）。在有一些國家，當打算勿需處方即可使用，則可以增加到第五種方法，那就是“性交後避孕藥”（post-coital
contraception），也叫“緊急避孕藥”或“事後避孕藥”。
有一些專家一度說使用任何的避孕方法比根本不使用要好。可是，某些避孕方法是如此地達不到預期效果以至於在實踐中無甚用處。其中有一種叫karezza，也叫保留性交（coitus reservatus），是一種在性交中有意設法不射精的的方式。儘管這種嘗試可能有著情感甚至精神交流的價值，但是並不必定會防止懷孕。另有一種可疑的方法，將蘸有殺精子粉末或劑的小片海綿插入陰道。這種做法不僅無效，而且也可能干擾性交和導致不適。還有一種方法，叫性交後陰道灌洗，既為抱著祛除精子的希望，用某種液體清洗陰道。這種清洗過程不能避孕，因為清洗不足以祛掉已經進入陰道的精子。進一步地，有某些“女用衛生清洗”產品，被廣告暗示有避孕作用。然而它們並無所宣稱的那些個作用，而且實際上對陰道組織還有害。一般而言，應該要避免陰道灌洗和噴霧，因為這是多此一舉。陰道會以自身的分泌液來達到自潔。對陰道過多的干預只能破壞其微生態環境和導致感染或發炎。 |
|
Contraception
|
|
|
Methods
of Contraception:
Without Medical Assistance
|
There are four methods of contraception which can be used without any professional help:
Abstinence from coitus,
withdrawal (coitus abruptus),
condom, and
spermicides. In some countries a fifth method may soon be added, as there are plans to make
"post-coital contraception", also called “emergency contraception” or "morning-after pills", available without prescription
Some experts have said in the past that any method of contraception is better than none at all. However, some methods are so ineffective as to be practically useless. Among these is karezza, or coitus reservatus, a form of coitus in which the man tries to avoid ejaculation. Although such an attempt may have certain emotional and even spiritual values, it does not necessarily prevent pregnancies. Another questionable method consists of inserting a small sponge together with some spermicidal powder or liquid into the vagina. This is not only ineffective, but may also interfere with coitus and cause discomfort. Still another method is vaginal douching after coitus or, in other words, the washing out of the vagina with some sort of solution in the hope of removing the sperm. This procedure is useless because it can never come soon enough to make any difference. There are further certain "feminine hygiene" products which are advertised with hints at contraceptive powers. Nevertheless, they are quite ineffective in that respect and may actually be harmful to the vaginal tissue. In general, vaginal douching and spraying should be avoided because it is unnecessary. The vagina cleanses itself with its own secretions. Too much interference can only upset the vaginal ecology and cause infection or irritation. |
