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男性性生理问题
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精索静脉曲张
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精索静脉曲张:外观
Varicocele: Outside view
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精索静脉曲张(自拉丁语：varix-“静脉曲张”+kele-“破裂”或“空穴、窦洞”)是指把血液从睾丸输送至心脏的小静脉的网络状扩张。当控制血液单向流动的静脉瓣变得脆弱时，就会发生静脉扩张。在这种病症，血液仍然容易向下流入睾丸，但难以(从睾丸)往上回流和流出。其结果是，血液蓄积和扩展了静脉，形成精索静脉缠结状怒张。通常，精索静脉曲张发生在左侧。这种症状相当普遍，尤其在青年男子更加常见(约有10%的男子受到它的影响)。它常常未产生引人警觉的症状，并且只偶尔在某些体格检查过程中才被发现。可是，如果精索静脉曲张增大，可能造成睾丸坠胀感或痛觉迟钝。它甚至可能形成透过阴囊皮肤可见的带蓝色的肿胀。精索静脉曲张也可能导致睾丸皱缩，并且因为它升高阴囊内的温度，可能成为男子不育的病因。
治
疗
治疗依诊断而定。如果未造成任何症状，或症状轻微，使用阴囊托(scrotal
support)或抬托内裤(supportive
underwear)可能足矣。可是，如果病人感到疼痛，如果他的睾丸已经皱缩，和/或如果他需要治疗不育症，则可能需要外科手术。可以使用数种传统的外科技术结扎扩张的静脉，医学上称为“精索静脉曲张结扎(varicocele
ligation)”。也有一种较新的技术，是一种不太精细的非手术疗法，称作“精索静脉曲张闭塞法(varicocele
embolization)”。该疗法是在右侧的腹股沟从一个小切口，通过静脉导入一根小引流管到左侧，在静脉曲张的部位导流曲张的精索静脉。然后，通过这根导管放置细小的卷曲圈，以阻断左侧的静脉，据此达到与静脉结扎相同的治疗效果。
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Physical Problems in Males
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Varicocele
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A varicocele (from lat. varix: “varicose vein” + gr. kele: “break” or “cavity) is the enlargement of the network of tiny veins that move the blood circulation from the testicles upward toward the heart. The enlargement occurs when the one-way valves in these veins become weak. In that case, blood still easily flows down into the testicle, but has difficulty flowing back upward and out. As a result, the blood accumulates and stretches the veins, forming
a tangled mass of varicose veins. As a rule, a varicocele is found only on the left side. The condition is fairly common, especially in younger men (ca.10% of all men are affected). Very often, it does not produce noticeable symptoms and is discovered only by accident in the course of some physical examination. However if a varicocele is large, it may cause some heavy feeling in the testicle or dull pain. It may even form a bluish swelling visible through the skin of the scrotum. A varicocele may also cause the testicle to shrink, and, since it raises the temperature inside the scrotum, it may be the cause of a man’s infertility.
Treatment
The treatment depends on the diagnosis. If the varicocele does not produce any symptoms, or it the symptoms are mild, some scrotal support or supportive underwear may suffice. However, if the patient feels pain, if his testicle has shrunk, and/or if he needs to be treated for his infertility, surgery may be required. Several traditional surgical techniques may be used to tie off the distended veins. The medical term for this is “varicocele ligation”. There is also a newer, less elaborate non-surgical procedure called “varicocele embolization”. It consists of introducing a thin tube through a small cut in the right side of the groin and guiding it through the veins to the left side where it can drain the varicocele. The tube then allows for the placement of a tiny coil that will block the vein, thereby achieving the same effect as a
ligation.
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