男性性生理问题

包皮过长

包皮过长(自希腊语：窒息)是指包皮过紧，以至于不能翻卷到阴茎头后方的症状。 
对于少年来说，包皮过长是完全正常的一种生理现象。在青春期之前或期间，包皮自身通常会发生变化。所以，在孩童期不需要在意它的长短，除非它有反复的局部感染或引起排尿困难。在一些病例，包皮能够翻卷到阴茎头的后方，然而却不能再翻卷回复原位；它仍保持在阴茎头的后方，即发生“嵌顿(strangulating)”，也就是说它阻断阴茎头的血流，产生疼痛性肿胀并有可能导致阴茎的严重损伤。这种症状叫嵌顿性包茎(paraphimosis)。

包皮过长(左)和嵌顿性包茎(右)   Phimosis (left) and Paraphimosis (right)

治  疗
医生用特殊方法小心地复位或施行一种小手术，通常能够治疗嵌顿性包茎。至于包皮过长，正如上述所提及的那样，甚至于在孩童时期就可能需要施行一个小手术。如果包皮过紧延续到青春期，就可能产生各种症状，所以应该去看医生。包皮过长的根治通常实施包皮环切术(circumcision)，也就是说，外科手术切除包皮。
更何况基于任何原因的考虑，在孩童期、青春期前或青春期，青年男子的包皮环切术在某些宗教里具有长远的传统，例如犹太教和伊斯兰教。不过，非宗教原因的包皮环切术在美国和其他西方工业化国家里也业已流行。
 

Physical Problems in Males

Phimosis

Phimosis (gr. for gagging) is a tightness of the foreskin, making it impossible to retract it behind the glans of the penis.
This condition is quite normal for young boys. It will usually change by itself before or during puberty. Therefore, nothing needs to be done about it during childhood except if there are recurring local infectons or serious difficulties during urination. In some cases, the foreskin can be retracted but then cannot be pulled forward again. Instead, it remains behind the glans, “strangulating” it, i.e. cutting off the blood flow, producing painful swelling and possibly causing serious damage to the penis. This condition is known as paraphimosis.

Treatment
A physician can usually treat paraphimosis by a special kind of careful manipulation or some small incision. As for phimosis, as mentioned above, medical treatment, possibly including minor surgery, may become necessary even in childhood. If the tightness of the foreskin persists beyond puberty, various problems may develop and medical help should be sought. This is usually followed by the ultimate treatment of phimosis - circumcision, i.e. the surgical removal of the foreskin.
Quite apart from any such considerations, the circumcision of young males – in childhood or before or during puberty – has a long tradition in certain religions, for example Judaism and Islam. However, circumcision for non-religious reasons has also long been popular in the USA and some other Western industrial countries.