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男性性生理问题
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男子女性型乳房
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男子女性型乳房(Gynecomastia自希腊语，gyne：“女人”和
mastos：“乳房”)是男子由于一些激素均衡失调所导致的一种反常的、通常为良性的乳房增大。乳房增大可能比较轻微，也可能比较显著。乳房增大也可能不对称，罕见的病例可能有疼痛。对所有男子女性型乳房病例进行医学检查是明智之举，既可打消病人的疑虑，亦可在需要时进行治疗。
男子女性型乳房有两种主要类型：
1.“真性”男子女性型乳房(“Genuine”
gynecomastia)，也就是说有乳腺的发育。这通常是在青春期的暂时现象(“青春期男子女性型乳房”)。症状可能持续数月甚或两年，但是通常会在青春期末消退。“真性”男子女性型乳房也可能发生在成年男子，尤其在老年男人，它并非不常见。常常并不清楚它的病因。可是，在许多病例中，某些遗传缺陷(例如克莱里菲尔特综合征)、潜在疾病(例如肝脏疾病)或某些药物是其病因。一旦有反常的乳房发育，必须要做癌症排除诊断。包括可能的外科手术在内的医学治疗将会视病情而定。
2. 假性男子女性型乳房(Pseudo-gynecomastia)，(也称为乳房脂肪瘤，lipomastia),
也就是说，在缺乏真正的乳腺组织的情况下所出现的脂肪性乳房增大。同理，病因可能各种各样，从肥胖到临床使用了类固醇药物，不一而足。在老年男性，乳房增大也是为治疗前列腺病症而服用了雌激素所产生的副作用的原因。治疗则取决于准确的诊断。对于严重的病例，可能需要做整容外科手术。
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Physical Problems in Males
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Gynecomastia
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Gynecomastia (from gr. gyne: "woman" and mastos: "breast.") is an atypical, usually benign breast enlargement in males as a result of some hormonal imbalance. The enlargement may be slight or pronounced, temporary or permanent. It may also be asymmetrical, and in rare cases it can be painful. In all cases, a medical examination is advisable, either to reassure the patient or to start some treatment if necessary.
There are two main forms of gynecomastia:
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“Genuine” gynecomastia, i.e. the development of breast glands. This is usually a temporary phenomenon during puberty (“pubertal gynecomastia”). The condition may last a few months or even one or two years, but it usually disappears at the end of adolescence. Gynecomastia may also develop in adult males. Especially in older men it is not uncommon. Very often, the cause remains unknown. However, in many cases some genetic defect (for example Klinefelter syndrome), underlying disease (for example liver disease), or a certain medication is found to be responsible. In the case of asymmetrical breast development, cancer has to be ruled out. Medical treatment, including possible surgery, will vary depending on the cause.
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Pseudo-gynecomastia, (also called
lipomastia) i.e. a fatty breast enlargment in the absence of real breast tissue. Again, a variety of causes are possible, ranging from obesity to steroid use. In older males, the enlargement may also be an unwanted side effect of taking estrogen for prostate problems. An exact diagnosis will determine the treatment. In severe cases, cosmetic surgery may be desirable.
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