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男性性生理问题
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睾丸自查
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对于所有男子来说，规律地检查睾丸和探查癌症的可能迹象是非常有用的。尤其对于15-
35岁的青年男子尤其有用，他们应该至少每月检查一次。一般而言，睾丸癌罕见，但是，在青年男子的发病率确实比老年男子的要高。然而，如果及早察觉，就可能会完全治愈。先天隐睾症的男子罹患睾丸癌的风险高于正常的男子。甚至隐睾症已经通过外科手术矫治后，患睾丸癌的风险仍高于正常人。尽管如此，如果有癌症发生的话，已经做过睾丸降入阴囊手术，则有利于探查和治疗睾丸癌。
如何检查睾丸
睾丸自我触检是为了发现任何睾丸上或其毗邻处可能发生的可疑肿块。但是，必须把肿块与附睾加以区别。附睾位于每一侧睾丸后上方，并且也能够通过阴囊皮肤触摸到。睾丸自我触检本身应该遵循以下步骤：
- 首先最好洗洗淋浴或坐浴，因为热量会松弛阴囊并由此使检查变得更容易。
- 照着镜子检查会有助于探查阴囊上任何可能的肿大。
- 分别检查每一侧睾丸，最实际的方法是用双手检查。食指和中指放在睾丸之下，而拇指放在睾丸之上。然后，当拇指触摸睾丸的正常光滑表面的时候，尽可能地来回搓动睾丸。
- 拇指也能够容易地确定附睾的位置。附睾是卧躺于每一侧睾丸后上方的精子收集管道。我们能够很容易通过触摸清晰地探摸到它的轮廓，一定不要与异常的赘生物相混淆。可疑肿块或赘生物通常位于睾丸的侧面或前方，也许较小(豌豆大小)，也许非常之大。
- 如果有任何异常的发现，则应该立即去看医生。
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睾丸自检：1
.睾丸表面应该是有弹性和光滑的。2.应该清晰地探摸到附睾(精子收集管道)的轮廓。
Self-examination: 1 The surface of the testicle should be elastic and smooth. 2 The epididymis (sperm collection tube) should be clearly delineated.
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Physical Problems in Males
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Testicular Self-examination
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It is very useful for all males to examine their testicles regularly and to look for possible signs of cancer. Especially young men between the ages of 15 and 35 should do this at least once a month. Generally speaking, testicular cancer is rare, but it does occur more often in young men than in older men. However, if detected early, it may be completely cured.
Males born with an undescended testicle are at a higher risk than the others. This remains true even after the condition has been corrected by surgery. Still, having moved the testicle down into the scrotum makes it easier to detect and treat testicular cancer if it develops.
How to examine the testicles
The object of a testicular self-examination is to find any possibly developing suspicious lumps inside the scrotum on or near the testicles. However, such a lump must be distinguished from the epidydemis, which sits on top of each testicle and can also be felt through the scrotal skin.The examination itself should follow these steps:
- It is best to take a hot shower or bath first, because heat will relax the scrotum and thus make the examination easier.
- Standing in front of a mirror will help in looking for any possible swelling on the scrotum.
- Each testicle is examined separately, most practically with both hands. The index and middle finger are placed under the testicle and the thumb on top. It is then possible to roll the testicle gently back and forth while the thumb feels its normally smooth surface.
- The thumb can also easily locate the epidydemis, i.e. the sperm-collection tube that sits on top of each testicle. Its clearly delineated shape can easily be felt, and it must not be confused with an abnormal growth. Suspicious lumps or growths usually sit on the side or in front of a testicle. They may be small (the size of a pea) or noticeably large.
- If any abnormality is found, a doctor should be consulted immediately.
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