性行为的发展

性行为的发展概述: 性脚本之说

心理内化脚本（intrapsychic script）和人际交往脚本（interpersonal script）必须要放置于大的文化脚本（cultural script）的背景之下来理解；文化脚本提供什么是“性的”和什么不是“性的”可广泛接受的定义。在这个基础上，文化脚本还要解释“性的”行为的意义，也就是说，既要解释“性的”行为的含义，也要解释“性的”行为的重要性。最为重要的是，文化脚本决定是否-和多大程度上-性别角色行为、性欲行为和生殖行为应该是相互联系的。在一些文化体系中，这种联系相当松散；而在另一些文化体系则非常紧密。例如，一些文化体系坚持性别角色应该清晰地定义每一个相互对应的性别角色[1]，还坚持认为性欲行为应该把性行为限定在女性与男性之间，并且这种性行为应该始终用于生殖的目的。其它的文化体系就宽松了许多，认为性欲行为与生殖行为是两个相互分离的问题，因此也就认可同性间的性关系。

性文化脚本的形成

当然，所有这些都意味着性的学科，即性学（sexology），既从形式上也从内容上同样由承担它的文化体系所塑造。的确，“性（sex）”本身就是一个文化的建构事物（或概念）。它并不是一个实际存在物，而是一个“抽象”的定义，是一个反映特定文化关系的理性概念。它是具有特定心绪思索的科学家头脑的反映物，并且是仅仅基于特定观点而进入科学家头脑的产物。因此，研究“性（sex）”就意味着首先要研究特定社会、特定时代的性意识形态（sexual ideology）。

[1]. 即两性的性别角色行为清晰可辨、各具特征。——译者注。

Introduction: A Script?

The Cultural Aspect of Sexual Scripts

The intrapsychic and interpersonal scripts must be seen in the context of a larger cultural script which provides a generally accepted definition of what is “sexual” and what is not. On this basis, it then also explains the significance of “sexual” behavior, i.e. both its meaning and its importance. Most importantly, the cultural script determines if - and how closely - gender role behavior, erotic behavior, and reproductive behavior should be linked. In some cultures, the linkage is rather loose; in others it is very tight. For example, certain cultures insist that the gender roles should be clearly defined in contrast to each other, that erotic behavior should be restricted to intercourse between females and males, and that this intercourse should always serve the purpose of reproduction. Other cultures are less strict. They consider erotic and reproductive behaviors to be separate issues and therefore also allow same-sex relationships.

All of this means, of course, that the study of sex, i.e. sexology, is also, in both form and content, shaped by the culture in which it is undertaken. Indeed, “sex” is itself a cultural construct. It is not something real and definite “out there”, but an intellectual concept reflecting particular cultural concerns. It is a projection of scientists with a certain frame of mind, and it comes into sight only from a special point of view. Studying “sex” therefore means, above all, studying the sexual ideology in a particular society at a particular time.