性行为的发展

性行为的发展概述: 性脚本之说

就像我们大家从个人的体验中知道的那样，甚至在孩童的晚期，尤其在青春期晚期，我们并不是面对单一的性脚本，而是面多许多不同的、通常是相互竞争的、有时甚至相互排斥的性脚本。前工业化社会严谨、个性鲜明、性社会规范一成不变，性脚本就可能已经有一定的差异；而到了工业化社会，面对我们的是多元分化的价值准则。例如，不同的成年人也许给我们提出很不相同的什么东西对女人合适、什么东西对男人合适的观念。我们的父母可能不想让我们发生性行为，而我们的朋友则建议我们应该发生。我们的老师可能警告我们不要从事一些性活动，而大众传媒却把它作为极度引起欲望的面目呈现在我们面前。我们的宗教领袖也许谴责使用避孕套，而卫生保健当局却推荐使用避孕套，……等等。

面对社会如此的矛盾局面，我们最终必须做出选择和发展一个适合我们自己特点的性脚本。通过从不同的脚本选择性地整合各种要素，我们能够以一种崭新的个人行动守则来演绎自己的性脚本。但是，这总是不容易做得到。毕竟，我们个人的性脚本很可能要考虑我们与他人一起得到性满足，而他们也许遵循自己不同的性脚本，并且我们也必须遵守由我们的社会环境所规定的各种约束。有时，我们可能感到，要在我们文化里这些充满竞争的性脚本之间找到行得通的权衡方案，也是相当困难的。对我们大多数人来说，这就是为什么青春期是一个麻烦与疑惑时期的原因之一。

一些性脚本的来源
在我们的文化环境里，提供给一些年轻人的性脚本相互处于竞争状态甚或相互排斥。此处显示的只是少许的例子(从上至下顺时针方向)：1.家庭；2.学校；3.书籍；4.朋友；5.剧院；6.宗教领袖；7.电影；8.电视；9互联网；10无线电广播；11.流行音乐。

Some sources of sexual scripts
Some of the sexual scripts being offered to young people in our culture are competing with each other or are even mutually exclusive. Shown here are only a few examples. (Clockwise from top left): 1. Family2. School  3. Books   4. Friends  5. Theater   6. Religious leaders   7. Movies   8. Television   9. Internet   10. Radio  11. Popular music

Introduction: A Script?

Competing Scripts

As we all know from personal experience, even in late childhood, but especially after puberty, we are confronted not with a single sexual script, but with a number of different, often competing, and sometimes even mutually exclusive scripts. This may have been different in static, pre-industrial societies with clear-cut, unchanging sexual standards, but our modern world confronts us with a variety of disparate values. For example, different adults may suggest to us very different concepts of what is appropriate for females and males. Our parents may not want us to have sexual intercourse, while our friends suggest that we should. Our teachers may warn us against certain sexual activities, while the mass media present them as highly desirable. Our religious leaders may condemn the use of condoms, while the health authorities recommend it etc.
Faced with such contradictions, we eventually have to make choices and develop a script that suits our own character. We can do this by combining selected elements from different scripts in a new, personal code of conduct. However, this is not always easy: After all, our personal script must allow us to find sexual fulfillment with others who may follow different scripts of their own, and we must also observe the limits set by our social environment. At times, we may find it very difficult to find a workable balance between the competing sexual scripts in our culture. This is one of the reasons why, for most of us, adolescence is a period of trial and confusion.