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性行为的发展 |
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性行为的发展概述:
性脚本之说
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性脚本之说的生物基础 |
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必须强调两个基本观点：其一，所有的性行为具有生物基础；其二，脚本（scripting）只能对先天的潜质进行塑造。
做一个简单的比喻就可以阐述清楚：每一个儿童天生就有说话的潜力。可是，儿童说哪一种语言，这得依赖于社会环境。在英国，所依赖的是英语；在法国，依赖的是法语。不仅如此，甚至：发音清晰的孩子、充满爱心、频繁地与孩子说话的父母等各种因素，都会使孩子的语言技巧发展得比没有这些条件的孩子要好。最终，一些具有语言特殊才能的孩子将从他们所听见的受惠更多，而较少语言才能的孩子将受惠较少。简而言之，说话的潜力可以以多种多样的方式得以发展，但是，也可以被不鼓励孩子做出努力来好好说话的社会环境所牵制和阻扰。
一个人的性潜力（sexual
potential）也符合同一原理。它同样沿着社会环境所提示或暗示的线路得到发展。儿童从父母和年长的亲属那里习得什么是他们适当的性别角色，获悉什么行为被认为是“性行为”，什么行为会被允许，什么行为会被禁止。大一点的儿童和青少年从不断扩大的成人圈、从他们的朋友那里学习如何和什么时候接近潜在的性伙伴，学习到与他们做什么和接下来该做什么。他们也学习如何协调相互满意的性关系，学习如何“不搀和麻烦的事”。可是，他们的性潜力也可能会被否定的教育和负面的体验所牵制和阻扰。简而言之，随着个体的成长，他们按照其生活的社会环境所提供的脚本，学习如何塑型他们的性行为。他们既以自己满意的方式也以周围人可接受的方式习得他们的性行为。绝大多数的孩子会在这方面取得成功，但并不是全部的孩子都会获得成功。
China
(right-右：在中国)。 |
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母亲与孩子
(从上至下) 在英国、法国和德国。
Mother and child(from the top)
in England, France , Germany and
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Development of Sexual Behavior |
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Introduction: A Script?
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Biological Basis
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It must be emphasized that all sexual behavior has a biological basis, and that scripting can only shape an inborn potential.
A simple comparison will make this clear: Every child is born with the potential for speech. However, which language children will learn, depends on the social environment. In England, it will be English, in France, French. Not only that: Children of articulate, loving parents, who frequently talk to them, will develop better language skills than those that are neglected. Finally, some children have a special talent for language, and these will profit more from what they hear, while less talented children will profit less. In short, the potential for speech may develop in a great variety of ways, and it may also be hampered and frustrated by a social environment that does not reward a child’s efforts to speak well.
The same is true of a person’s sexual potential. It also develops along the lines suggested by the social environment.
Children learn from their parents and older relatives what their proper gender roles are, what behavior is considered “sexual”, what is permitted, and what is forbidden. Older children and adolescents learn from an ever-widening circle of adults and from their friends how and when to approach potential sexual partners, what to do with them and in what sequence. They also learn how to negotiate a mutually satisfying sexual relationship, and how to “stay out of trouble”. However, their sexual potential may also be frustrated and distorted by negative teachings and experiences.
In short, as they grow up, individuals learn how to shape their sexual behavior according to scripts provided by their social environment. They try to do this in ways that are both satisfying to them and acceptable to those around them. Most people will succeed in this, but not all.
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Mother and child
(from the top)
in England, France, Germany
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