被禁止的性行为与性暴力

卖淫: 女性卖淫: 小结 1

有多种多样形式的女性卖淫，过去、现在和将来都对性研究提出了挑战。女性卖淫是以最错综复杂的方式整合了生物的和社会文化特征的一种现象。生理欲望和心理需要是由以性别不平等的由来已久的模式所塑造和来满足的。如果没有理解人类的依附的许多形式和方面，要理解卖淫现象因而是不可能的。

首先，我们必须认识到，一般而言，女性在相当大的程度上依附男性，不仅在经济方面，而且在政治和文化方面都依附男性。许多父权制社会结构甚至在现代工业化和后工业化社会依然存在。不过，女性依附男性的最大的方面，也许是心理上的依附。社会正在教育女性和男性的性别角色行为方式，以及他们正在学习性别角色行为的方式，都是在应对心理不平衡的问题，让他们都要对各种各样的性剥削采取宽容的态度。当妇女在工作场所一直被利用的时候，对妇女的经济剥削就越发的容易。从世界范围看，妇女的社会地位如果大抵较低的话，她们不会得到与男人相同水平的教育，就不会为她们的同等的工作获得合适的报酬，并且其中的更多人会生活在贫困之中。继而，这会使她们更容易受到人口贩子的剥削。的确，许多“性工作者”依靠微薄的收入苟延残喘。而且，在许多贫穷国家存在很大的性旅游中心并不是一个偶然的现象。最后要指明一点的是，那些直接或间接涉及卖淫的刑法和民法在很大程度上由男性立法者所主导[1]。

[1]. 需要补充一点的是，也由基本不懂性学的、盲目反性的或秉持性保守主义观念的立法者所主导。——译者注。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Prostitution: Female Prostitution: Summary 1

Female prostitution in its various forms - past, present, and future - presents a challenge to sex research. It is a phenomenon that combines biological and socio-cultural features in the most intricate way: Physical urges and psychological needs are shaped and satisfied in ways that reflect age-old patterns of gender inequality. Understanding prostitution may therefore be impossible without understanding the many forms and facets of human dependency.
First of all, we must recognize that the female sex in general is still largely dependent on the male sex, not only economically, but also politically and culturally. Many patriarchal structures persist even in modern industrial and post-industrial societies. The most important kind of dependency, however, may be psychological. The way in which female and male gender role behavior is still being taught and learned produces a psychological imbalance that opens the way to various kinds of exploitation. The economic exploitation of women is all the easier as they continue to be disadvantaged in the workplace. World-wide, their social status if usually lower, they are not given the same level of education, do not receive equal pay for equal work, and more of them live in poverty. This, in turn, facilitates their exploitation by traffickers. Indeed, many “sex workers” depend on their meager income for their sheer survival.  Furthermore, it is not a coincidence that the great centers of sex tourism are found in poor countries. Finally, the criminal and civil laws that are directly or indirectly related to prostitution are largely the work of male legislators.