变异的性行为

每一个社会会把人类性行为象谱的某一谱带接纳为“正常的”性行为。但是，有些社会所认可的性常态的谱带比其它社会要宽泛得多。因而，一些行为在一个地方也许被认为是“正常的”，而在另一个地方会被认为是“异常的”。除非“异常的”行为导致明显的损害，甚至一些社会相对要能够容忍这种“异常的”行为；而其它的许多社会会严厉谴责并设法压制甚至对社会无害的性“变态”，即严厉谴责并设法压制成人双方同意并未影响他人的私密行为，却会违背社会所颂扬的性规范。面对这样的指责，这些成人感到受到了不公正的限制和压迫。他们只是忍耐和期待一些可以让他们申辩的较大的社会变革。甚至，在有利的社会环境下，各种各样在性方面受到压迫的个人也许能够聚集在一起并作为“性少数”组织起来，为他们的“性权利”而抗争。

“性少数（sexual minority）”是一个相对比较新的术语。它类比于民族的、种族的和宗教的少数族群的概念而被人所撰造，也就是说，“性少数”[1]类比于在一些国家从前被压迫，但现在被承认应得到民事权利的这些社会族群。不过，在进一步讨论这个议题之前，进一步了解一下“少数族群”本身的概念也许有益于我们对“性少数”的理解。

(其前身机构为联合国人权委员会)(注：上述图标的中文翻译为“联合国人权理事会”)
1992年，联合国通过了这个决议以保护当时某些“官方承认的”少数族群“。此处显示的是前两个决议条款(简短的提要)。

Sexual Minorities: Introduction

Every society accepts a certain segment of the spectrum of human sexual behavior as “normal”. However, some societies recognize a much wider segment of normality than others. Thus, some behaviors may be considered “normal” in one place, but “abnormal” in another. Some societies are relatively tolerant even of “abnormal” behavior unless it causes obvious harm, but many other societies severely condemn and try to suppress even socially harmless sexual “abnormalities”, i.e. private behaviors between consenting adults that do not affect others, but violate the proclaimed sexual norm. In the face of such condemnation, these adults feel unjustly restricted and oppressed. Very often, however, there is nothing they can do about the oppression. They just have to endure it and wait for some larger social change that would allow them to plead their case. Indeed, under favorable circumstances, various sexually oppressed individuals may be able to get together and organize as “sexual minorities” in order to fight for their “sexual rights”.
The term “sexual minority” is relatively new. It was coined in analogy to the older concepts of national, ethnic, and religious minorities, i.e. social groups that were formerly oppressed in some countries, but are now being recognized as deserving equal civil rights. However, before going any further, it may be useful to take a closer look at the concept of a social “minority” itself.

 

Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities Adopted by General Assembly resolution 47/135 of 18 December 1992 Article 1 1. States shall protect the existence and the national or ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic identity of minorities... . Article 2 1. Persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities ... have the right to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practise their own religion, and to use their own language, in private and in public, freely and without interference or any form of discrimination.