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形形色色的性行为
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性少数: 6. 易装癖者 |
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马格纳斯·赫希菲尔德(1868-1935)杜撰了术语“易装癖者”（transvestite，拉丁语trans：交叉、跨过；vestis：着装）。在他之前，人们简单地把着异性服装的人等同于同性恋者。赫希菲尔德对各种“性中间状态”有特殊的科学研究兴趣，他通过深入研究意识到这种观点是错误的。因此，他引入了这个新术语并用这个新术语做出必要的区别。
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Magnus Hirschfeld
(1868-1935) coined the terms “transvestite” and “transvestism“ (lat. trans: across and vestis: dress). Before him, people had simply equated cross dressing with homosexuality. Hirschfeld, who took a special scientific interest in “sexual intermediate stages”, learned through his extensive studies that this view was mistaken. He therefore introduced the new terms and thus the necessary distinctions. |
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术语“易装癖者（transvestite）”于1910年由马格纳斯·赫希菲尔德撰造，指的是习惯性地穿着另一个性别服装的人。在那时，研究者们尚没有清楚地把性别角色（gender
role）和性取向（sexual
orientation）加以区分，因而，着女性服装的男人只是简单地被当作“同性恋者”并被归为同一类人。但是，赫希菲尔德不得不指出这是一个错误。的确，如果不是大多数的话，许多这样的“混着衣装的人”有异性性取向，因而需要一个新术语来描述这些特殊群体的特征。实际上，正如实情所显示的一样，易装癖者也不是具有相同性行为偏好的群体。新近的研究揭示不仅存在异性恋和同性恋的易装癖者，而且存在男性和女性易装癖者。此外，其中一些人只是偶尔混着衣装，另一些人则经常或有规律地如此着装，而且他们混合着装的原因大相径庭。简而言之，一旦研究者们开始把易装癖者作为其自身的现象加以研究的时候，就会发现这是一个需要做进一步鉴别的多维的性变异现象。
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Variations in Sexual Behavior |
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Sexual Minorities: 6. Transvestites |
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The term “transvestite” was coined by
Magnus Hirschfeld in 1910 for a person who habitually dresses in the clothes of the other sex. At that time, researchers did not yet clearly distinguish between gender role and sexual orientation, and thus men who dressed in women’s clothes were simply assumed to be “homosexuals” and grouped together with them. Hirschfeld was forced to realize, however, that this was a mistake. Indeed, many, if not most, of these “cross-dressers” had a heterosexual orientation, and thus a new term was needed to characterize them as a special group. Actually, as it turned out, the transvestites were not a homogenous group either. A closer look revealed that there were not only heterosexual and homosexual, but also male and female transvestites. Moreover, some of them cross-dressed only occasionally, others frequently or regularly, and they did so for different reasons. In short, once researchers began to study transverstism as a phenomenon of its own, they discovered a multidimensional sexual variation requiring further distinctions. |
