被禁止的性行为与性暴力

卖淫: 法律方面 8

通过逮捕妓女的主顾并因而“消除需求”的想法并不现实。妓女的“需求方”罕有人去研究，不过如果研究者已经花了那么一丁点儿气力去研究，他们早就会发现一个纷繁复杂的局面，这与闲暇的普罗大众所认为的状况大不一样[1]。甚至“供给方”的现实状况终归也比想象的那样更为复杂。总而言之，就一定程度上说，卖淫现象确实是一个难题，它并不是一个要么就全然放开、要么就全然禁止的社会现象，它也不是一个要么黑、要么白的泾渭分明的现象，而是一面反映社会现实的多棱镜，是一个程度差异的问题。卖淫涉及的伤害或利益大不一样，可以从对“性奴隶”的最严酷的剥削到自主决定去卖淫的妇女的有利可图的生意。一些妇女依靠卖淫挣得她们最起码的生存；有的妇女为了在收入方面锦上添花，只是业余卖淫。一些妓女宁愿让政府来管理和提供安全保障；一些妓女却反对政府介入，因为她们珍惜自己的自由。在出售性服务或购买性服务不合法的地方，出售性服务的妇女越来越糟的工作环境就会一直隐而不露，但是，政府的管理未必会让所有的隐情见光。一些形式的非法卖淫顽固地坚持了下来，因为许多妇女不想把卖淫当作必须受到控制的“正式工作”。

简而言之，并不存在单一的答案。唯有一点似乎是肯定的：那些不把卖淫本身当作犯罪活动的国家，会有更多的机会来减少与卖淫可能有联系的犯罪数量。这些国家也就会感到抗击包括HIV/AIDS在内的性传播疾病的传播变得较为容易。

[1]. Julia O'Connell Davidson, Men, middlemen, and migrants - The demand side of "sex trafficking", in EUROZINE, 07, 27, 2006). (欲参考全文，请点击此处)。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Prostitution: Legal Aspects 8

The idea that prostitution can be eliminated by arresting the customers and thereby “drying up the demand” is not realistic. The “demand side” of prostitution has rarely been studied, but when researchers have taken the trouble, they have discovered a very complex picture that defies easy generalizations ^1. . Even the “supply side” turned out to be more complicated than expected. In sum, to the extent that prostitution is a problem, it is not an all-or-nothing, black-or-white phenomenon, but a matter of many shades and degrees. It ranges from the most exploitative from of “sex slavery” to the profitable business of self-determined women. Some women depend on prostitution for their sheer survival at poverty level; others work only part-time to augment their already comfortable income. Some prostitutes would prefer governmental regulation and the security it can provide; others oppose it, because they cherish their freedom. Where the selling or buying of sexual services is illegal, it continues underground with worsening working conditions for the women, but regulation does not necessarily bring all of it into the open. Some forms of illegal prostitution persist, because many women do not want it as a “regular job” with all the controls that it would entail.
In short, there is no single answer. Only one thing seems certain: Those countries that do not treat prostitution itself as a criminal activity have a better chance of reducing the amount of crime that can be associated with it. They also find it easier to combat the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS.

1.  Julia O'Connell Davidson, Men, middlemen, and migrants - The demand side of "sex trafficking", in EUROZINE, 07, 27, 2006). (For the full text click here).