被禁止的性行为与性暴力

卖淫: 法律方面 5

卖淫最为消极的方面之一始终是一些男人利用妓女的方式，他们通过控制妓女和搜刮其收入来控制她们。这样的男人通常称为“皮条客（pimp）”。也有一些妇女，她们对妓女的收入抽成，例如，通过经营妓院的方式。这样的妇女通常称为“夫人（madam）”[1]。一些夫人也许操心她们的“小姐”的安宁，并且也可能有一些皮条客会对其“女人”提供非常必要的保护和保障，不过，这些并不是现今人们越来越担忧的原因。在“现实社会”里，卖淫境况是严峻的，并且许多政府因而惩罚皮条客，甚至诸如在卖淫并不是犯罪的地方，也照样要惩罚皮条客。（但是许多立法机构准许经营妓院，并未把这种行为定义为拉皮条。）不管怎样，在卖淫不合法的地方，我们通常会发现有更多依附皮条客的妓女。反过来，卖淫祛罪化会减少皮条客的数量和降低其影响力。

如今，最严重的问题倒在于皮条客与人口贩子的勾结。受害者要么被人协助用旅行签证进入其它国家，要么被非法偷渡到一个国家。然而，如果没有合法的居留许可，她们会全然陷入陷阱，会依附妓院或皮条客，并且会成为肉体虐待和经济剥削的受害者。这种方式全然违背了她们的愿望，她们会协助犯罪分子组织筹措资金，而犯罪分子则以她们的收入为生。

在德国的“性工作者”

2001年，德国联邦刑事办公署（the German Federal Crime Office）分析了987例人口贩卖受害者。其中，69%来自东欧，3%小于18岁；51%介于18-24岁之间；32.3%大于24岁。其余的年龄未知。上述地图根据其部分原居住国（立陶宛12.1%，拉脱维亚：4.1%）显示的构成比。此处未显示的有：来自非洲和亚洲的受害者9.9%；还有来自其它地区的受害者21%。[资料来源：Bundeskriminalamt（BKA）]

[1].中国大陆称之为“妈咪”，这种称呼恐怕也是从香港或台湾传入的。——译者注。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Prostitution: Legal Aspects 5

One of the most negative aspects of prostitution has always been the way in which some men take advantage of prostitutes by controlling them and collecting their earnings. Such a man is commonly called a “pimp”. There are also a few women who share in the earning of prostitutes, for example, by running a brothel. Such a woman is usually called a “madam”. Some madams may honestly care about the well-being of their “girls”, and there may also be pimps who provide much needed protection and stability to their “women”, but these do not cause the present growing concern. In the “real world”, the picture is grim, and many governments therefore punish pimping even where prostitution as such is not a crime. (However, many legislatures allow the running of brothels and do not define this as pimping.) In any case, where prostitution is illegal, one usually finds more prostitutes depending on pimps. Conversely, the decriminalization of prostitution reduces the number and influence of pimps.
Today, the most serious problem is the connection between pimping and trafficking. Its victims are either helped to enter a new country on tourist visas or are brought in illegally. Without a legal residence permit, however, they are trapped in utter dependency and become victims of physical abuse and economic exploitation. This way, quite against their will, they help finance a network of criminals who live off their earnings.

Foreign “sex workers” in Germany
In 2001, the German Federal Crime Office analyzed the cases of 987 trafficking victims. Of these, 69% came from Eastern Europe. 3% were younger than 18; 51% were between 18 and 24; 32, 3% were older than 24. The ages of the others were unknown. The map shows the percentages according to some of their countries of origin (Lithuania:12,1%, Latvia 4,1%). Not shown here: 9,9% of the victims came from Africa and Asia; 21% came from still other regions. (Source: Bundeskriminalamt (BKA))