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被禁止的性行为与性暴力
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卖淫:
法律方面
7
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只要卖淫没有影响到他人和法律上有允诺能力的参与者之间保持私密自愿交换，那么，它就符合无受害人的犯罪的定义。因此，就卖淫的争论通常就集中在这两个议题：
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①
在许多场合，卖淫可以是自愿的；但是，有时候它就不是自愿的。卖淫可能由人口贩子、皮条客所强制，或者由当事者的毒瘾所迫使，或者由于贫穷而出卖她们的性服务。所以，她们的允诺就值得怀疑了[1]。另一方面，卖淫者的允诺有多大的效力？即：她们的贫穷迫使她们接受自己知道对健康有害的低薪“正规”工作，这难道算是一种允诺吗？
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卖淫作为一项两人或多人之间的个人事务，它可能不总是会影响到他人，但是有时候却不尽然。例如，来自国外的妓女作为人口贩卖的受害人，她们通常会违反有关签证的法律和居留法律条款，并且也逃避了自己的所得税。这是不公平的，而且会破坏公共秩序。归根结底，这种情况下的卖淫会损害每一个守法公民的利益。
正如这些举例所显示的那样，“无受害人的犯罪”的概念并不总是适合卖淫的案例。有的时候，卖淫可能确实没有受害人，但是，在另外的时候，卖淫会使妓女受到伤害，或者使社会受到普遍的伤害，或者使两者都受到伤害。可是，根据定义和在所有的情形之下把每一个妓女都称为受害者，这同样是夸大其辞。这并不符合客观实际，因为一些妓女是不受他人束缚的经营者，她们满足于自己的选择。这对于那些通过电子媒介自己经营的妇女来说尤其如此，她们在各种各样的电子媒体上经营着自己的营生，而且实际上决不会与任何一位主顾照面。在这种案例里，如果认为起诉她们的国际“在线用户”是可行的或会达到某种有益的目的，则同样让人更加地质疑了。的确，普通大众不可能支持世界范围内如此严厉的强制性政策。另一方面，如果这种强制性的政策没有严格地普遍实施，却是武断的，并因此在本质上是不公平的。
.即是否是出于她们的真实意愿？——译者注。
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Prostitution: Legal Aspects 7
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Prostitution meets the definition of a victimless crime as long as it does not affect others and remains a private voluntary exchange between participants who are legally capable of consent. The debate about prostitution therefore usually
focuses on these two issues:
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Prostitution may be voluntary in many instances, but sometimes it is not. Prostitutes may be forced by their traffickers or pimps or simply by their drug addiction or their poverty to sell her services. Their consent is therefore questionable. On the other hand, how valid is the consent of people whose poverty forces them to take low-paying “regular” jobs that they know to be hazardous to their health?
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Prostitution as a personal transaction between two or more people may not always affect others, but sometimes it does. For example, as victims of trafficking, foreign prostitutes are usually in violation of visa and residence requirements and also evade taxes on their income. In fact, tax evasion may also be practiced by native legal prostitutes with valid working permits. This is unjust and undermines the public order. In the final analysis, it harms every law-abiding citizen.
As these examples show, the concept of “victimless crime” does not always fit the case of prostitution. Sometimes it may indeed have no victims, but at other times it victimizes the prostitute, or society at large, or both. However, calling every prostitute a victim by definition and under all circumstances also overstretches the case. It denies the reality that some prostitutes are independent operators who are content with the choice they have made. This is especially true of self-employed women who work in the various electronic media and never actually meet a client in person. In this case, it is also more than doubtful that the prosecution of their many international “online clients” would be feasible or serve any useful purpose. Indeed, the general public may not support the world-wide strict enforcement of such a policy. On the other hand, if it is not strictly carried out everywhere, it is arbitrary and therefore inherently unjust.
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