性行為的基本類型

“手淫型精神錯亂”

在整個19世紀，越來越多的醫生把手淫診斷為嚴重的精神疾病的病因。正如1867年亨利·莫茲雷（Henry Maudsley）所解說的那樣，他作為英國當時最權威的精神病學家，說什麼手淫型精神錯亂（masturbatory insanity）是“以情感和相應的思考紊亂極度倒錯為病症，在發病的早期和稍後，它則以失聰、夜間幻覺、自殺與殺人傾向為其病症。”換一句話說，手淫者是瘋狂的潛在殺手，而且似乎唯有小心翼翼地把他們關在精神病院才能避免悲劇。

更為嚴重的是，手淫型精神錯亂在發病的晚期被認為難以治癒。所有醫學科學所能夠做的就是集中精力預防和早期發現這種疾病。所以，醫生告知家長要把孩子的雙手捆在床邊，或者讓他們套上有尖銳鐵刺的連指手套。特殊的繃帶和“貞操帶（chastity belt）”用來捆住和遮住性器官。有機械巧計的醫生發明了“保護”人們不會“褻瀆自我”的靈巧裝置。最後，如果任何手段都不奏效，有人就推薦使用外科手術。最為流行的外科手術是陰莖扣鎖（infibulation，即經由陰莖包皮安放金屬扣環，從而防止勃起。）和陰蒂切除（clitoridectomy，即切除陰蒂）。然而，性器官腐蝕法和支配神經阻斷法以及閹割法有時竟然也被認為是必須的治療措施。

毋庸置疑，所有這些機械裝置和外科手術處置都一成不變地針對著性器官及其性功能而設置的。因而，對“病人”來說，要忘記他們的“病症”哪怕一刹那也幾乎是不可能的。任何想要瞭解更多有關手淫知識的小小的念頭都成了癡心妄想。

Anti-masturbation devices
1 + 2 “Chastity belts” preventing erections (the second allows for urination)
3 + 4 Spiked penis rings preventing erections

1. Sexual Self-stimulation: History

“Masturbatory Insanity”

In the course of the 19th century, more and more doctors linked masturbation to severe mental illness. As explained in 1867 by Henry Maudsley, the greatest British psychiatrist of his time, masturbatory insanity was "characterized by ... extreme perversion of feeling and corresponding derangement of thought, in earlier stages, and later by failure of intelligence, nocturnal hallucinations, and suicidal and homicidal propensities." In other words, masturbators were mad potential killers, and it seemed only prudent to have them locked up in an asylum.
To make matters worse, in its later stages the disease was considered incurable. All medical science could really do was to concentrate on the prevention and early detection of the disease. Parents were therefore advised to tie the hands of their children to the sides of the bed, or to make them wear mittens spiked with iron thorns. Special bandages and "chastity belts" were to render the sex organs inaccessible. Doctors with a knack for mechanics invented ingenious contraptions that would "protect" people from "abusing themselves". Finally, if everything else failed, surgery was recommended. The most popular surgical treatments were infibulation for males (i.e., putting a metal ring through the foreskin, thus preventing an erection) and clitoridectomy for females (i.e., cutting out the clitoris). However, cauterization and denervation of the sex organs and even castration were sometimes also deemed necessary.
Needless to say, all of these mechanical devices and surgical procedures constantly focused attention on the sex organs and their functions. Thus, it became nearly impossible for the "patients" to forget their "problem" even for a moment. Small wonder, then, that for many the concern with masturbation turned into a complete obsession.