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被禁止的性行為與性暴力
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賣淫: 有關的法律方面
8
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通過逮捕妓女的主顧並因而“消除需求”的想法並不現實。妓女的“需求方”罕有人去研究，不過如果研究者已經花了那麼一丁點兒氣力去研究，他們早就會發現一個紛繁複雜的局面，這與閒暇的普羅大眾所認為的狀況大不一樣[1]。甚至“供給方”的現實狀況終歸也比想像的那樣更為複雜。總而言之，就一定程度上說，賣淫現象確實是一個難題，它並不是一個要麼就全然放開、要麼就全然禁止的社會現象，它也不是一個要麼黑、要麼白的涇渭分明的現象，而是一面反映社會現實的多棱鏡，是一個程度差異的問題。賣淫涉及的傷害或利益大不一樣，可以從對“性奴隸”的最嚴酷的剝削到自主決定去賣淫的婦女的有利可圖的生意。一些婦女依靠賣淫掙得她們最起碼的生存；有的婦女為了在收入方面錦上添花，只是業餘賣淫。一些妓女寧願讓政府來管理和提供安全保障；一些妓女卻反對政府介入，因為她們珍惜自己的自由。在出售性服務或購買性服務不合法的地方，出售性服務的婦女越來越糟的工作環境就會一直隱而不露，但是，政府的管理未必會讓所有的隱情見光。一些形式的非法賣淫頑固地堅持了下來，因為許多婦女不想把賣淫當作必須受到控制的“正式工作”。
簡而言之，並不存在單一的答案。唯有一點似乎是肯定的：那些不把賣淫本身當作犯罪活動的國家，會有更多的機會來減少與賣淫可能有聯繫的犯罪數量。這些國家也就會感到抗擊包括HIV/AIDS在內的性傳播疾病的傳播變得較為容易。
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Prostitution: Legal Aspects 8
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The idea that prostitution can be eliminated by arresting the customers and thereby “drying up the demand” is not realistic. The “demand side” of prostitution has rarely been studied, but when researchers have taken the trouble, they have discovered a very complex picture that defies easy generalizations
1. . Even the “supply side” turned out to be more complicated than expected. In sum,
to the extent that prostitution is a problem, it is not an all-or-nothing, black-or-white phenomenon, but a matter of many shades and degrees. It ranges from the most exploitative from of “sex slavery” to the profitable business of self-determined women. Some women depend on prostitution for their sheer survival at poverty level; others work only part-time to augment their already comfortable income. Some prostitutes would prefer governmental regulation and the security it can provide; others oppose it, because they cherish their freedom. Where the selling or buying of sexual services is illegal, it continues
underground with worsening working conditions for the women, but regulation does not necessarily bring all of it into the open. Some forms of illegal prostitution persist, because many women do not want it as a “regular job” with all the controls that it would entail.
In short, there is no single answer. Only one thing seems certain: Those countries that do not treat prostitution itself as a criminal activity have a better chance of reducing the amount of crime that can be associated with it. They also find it easier to combat the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS.
1. Julia O'Connell Davidson, Men, middlemen, and migrants - The demand side of "sex trafficking", in EUROZINE, 07, 27, 2006). (For the full text click
here).
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