|
形形色色的性行为
|
|
性少數: 6. 易裝癖者 |
 |
|
馬格納斯·赫希菲爾德（Magnus
Hirschfeld，1868-1935）
他撰造了術語“易裝癖者”（transvestite，拉丁語trans：交叉、跨過；vestis：著裝）。在他之前，人們簡單地把著異性服裝的人等同於同性戀者。赫希菲爾德對各種“性中間狀態（sexual
intermediate
stage）”有特殊的科學研究興趣，他通過深入研究意識到這種觀點是錯誤的。因此，他引入了這個新術語並用這個新術語做出必要的區別。 |
|
Magnus Hirschfeld
(1868-1935) coined the terms “transvestite” and “transvestism“ (lat. trans: across and vestis: dress). Before him, people had simply equated cross dressing with homosexuality. Hirschfeld, who took a special scientific interest in “sexual intermediate stages”, learned through his extensive studies that this view was mistaken. He therefore introduced the new terms and thus the necessary distinctions. |
|
|
術語“易裝癖者（transvestite）”於1910年由馬格納斯·赫希菲爾德撰造，指的是習慣性地穿著另一個性別服裝的人。在那時，研究者們尚沒有清楚地把性別角色（gender
role）和性取向（sexual
orientation）加以區分，因而，著女性服裝的男人只是簡單地被當作“同性戀者”並被歸為同一類人。但是，赫希菲爾德不得不指出這是一個錯誤。的確，如果不是大多數的話，許多這樣的“混著衣裝的人”有異性性取向，因而需要一個新術語來描述這些特殊群體的特徵。實際上，正如實情所顯示的一樣，易裝癖者也不是具有相同性行為偏好的群體。新近的研究揭示不僅存在異性戀和同性戀的易裝癖者，而且存在男性和女性易裝癖者。此外，其中一些人只是偶爾混著衣裝，另一些人則經常或有規律地如此著裝，而且他們混合著裝的原因大相徑庭。簡而言之，一旦研究者們開始把易裝癖者作為其自身的現象加以研究的時候，就會發現這是一個需要做進一步鑒別的多維的性變異現象。 |
|
Variations in Sexual Behavior |
|
Sexual Minorities: 6. Transvestites |
|
The term “transvestite” was coined by
Magnus Hirschfeld in 1910 for a person who habitually dresses in the clothes of the other sex. At that time, researchers did not yet clearly distinguish between gender role and sexual orientation, and thus men who dressed in women’s clothes were simply assumed to be “homosexuals” and grouped together with them. Hirschfeld was forced to realize, however, that this was a mistake. Indeed, many, if not most, of these “cross-dressers” had a heterosexual orientation, and thus a new term was needed to characterize them as a special group. Actually, as it turned out, the transvestites were not a homogenous group either. A closer look revealed that there were not only heterosexual and homosexual, but also male and female transvestites. Moreover, some of them cross-dressed only occasionally, others frequently or regularly, and they did so for different reasons. In short, once researchers began to study transverstism as a phenomenon of its own, they discovered a multidimensional sexual variation requiring further distinctions. |
