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變異的性行為
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性少數: 1.
男同性戀者與女同性戀者 1 |
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馬格納斯·赫希菲爾德（Magnus
Hirschfeld，1868-1935）
德國醫生，性學最重要的先驅者。1897年，他與一幫朋友創建了世界上第一個“同性戀權利”組織“科學的人道主義委員會（Wissenschaftlich-
humanitäres
Komitée, WhK）”。 |
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Magnus Hirschfeld
(1868-1935), a German
physician, was the most important pioneer of sexology.
In 1897, he and a few friends founded the world’s first “gay rights” organization, the
Scientific Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich- humanitäres Komitée, WhK) |
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在馬格納斯·赫希菲爾德周遊世界的旅途中，當他於1931年到達日本的時候，被一位日本醫生問道：“為什麼在德國會如此多地聽到同性戀現象，而在日本本國卻聞所未聞？”。甚至在今天，赫希菲爾德的回答也確實值得我們深思，他說“我親愛的同事，那是因為同性戀現象被我們所禁止而被你們所認可”。
的確，在赫希菲爾德的專業生涯中，他本人很早就認識到“同性戀問題”基本上來說只不過是社會拒絕接納的性的現實存在問題。德國反男同性性行為的法律導致了太多的虛偽，威脅著許多受人尊敬的普通公民和上層社會的男士，招致勒索和敲詐，導致聳人聽聞的公共醜聞，為此而毀掉了許多人卓越與無可挑剔的事業。在沒有這種法律的法國和義大利，同樣沒有這些麻煩問題，當然，在日本也是這樣。簡而言之，德國的這部反男同性性行為的法律不僅無濟於事，而且實際上對這個國家遺患無窮。赫希菲爾德與一些朋友所以于1897年創建了世界上第一個“同性戀者權利（gay
rights）”組織，即“科學的人道主義委員會”（WhK）。該委員會從許多著名人物（包括亞伯特·愛因斯坦）那裏徵集簽名，向德國國會請願進行法律改革。但是，赫希菲爾德生前並沒有等來這場法律改革。事實上，改革直到1994年才成為現實，這幾乎是自他首次不遺餘力100年之後的事情。
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Variations in Sexual Behavior |
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Sexual Minorities: 1. Gays and Lesbians
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When
Magnus Hirschfeld, on his trip around the world, came to Japan in 1931, he was asked by a Japanese doctor: “Why is it that one hears so much about homosexuality in Germany and nothing about it here in Japan?” Hirschfeld’s answer is truly worth pondering, even today: ”That, my dear colleague, is because it is forbidden by us and permitted by you.” |
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Indeed, Hirschfeld himself had, very early in his career, realized that the “homosexual problem” was basically nothing more than society’s refusal to accept the sexual realities. Germany’s law against male homosexual intercourse produced a great deal of hypocrisy, threatened many respectable ordinary citizens and men in high places, invited blackmail and extortion, and led to sensational public scandals ruining many brilliant, otherwise blameless careers. France and Italy, which had no such law, also never had any of these problems, and, of course, neither did Japan. In short, the German law served no useful purpose, but was actually harmful to the country. Hirschfeld and some friends therefore founded the world’s first “gay rights” organization in 1897, the
WhK. It collected signatures from many prominent people (including Albert Einstein) for a petition to the German parliament demanding legal reform. However,
Hirschfeld did not see the reform in his lifetime. In fact, it became reality only in 1994, almost 100 years after his first effort. |
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