被禁止的性行为与性暴力

性暴力: 强奸: 小结

毫无疑问，在太多的国家里，强奸实在是一个严重的问题。不过，极为可能的是，就这个问题的严重程度，要获得可靠的统计数据确乎是极其困难的。其中的一个原因是在不同的法律体系里，定义强奸的方式相互矛盾。（在美国，甚至单独的每一个州都使用不同的定义。）放眼世界，因为不同国家的刑法法律条款之间的宽泛的差异，这种矛盾的局面甚至让人更加迷惑不解。此外，虽然错误的强奸指控决不会罕见，但是许多强奸案从来也没有报案。其结果是，强奸案统计数据被人认为是不可靠的，而且国际间的数据比较也有疑问。然而，分析一下单独一个国家累积下来的统计数据，我们至少能够洞悉一些发展趋势。大体上看，这些发展趋势不会让人感到失望的。

例如，在美国，在过去的30年里，强奸案就存在一个缓慢而稳步下降的发展趋势（“强奸”在此被狭义地定义为“强迫的插入”[1]。）

强奸发生率在近年来已经稳定下来
                                             校准的受害人发生率/1000名12岁及以上的人                                        

Rape rates have been stable in recent years
Adjusted victimization rate per 1,000 persons age 12 and over

1973-2005年每1000人中的强奸案发生率曲线图
强奸在这里定义为既包括心理上的胁迫也包括身体上的强制的强迫性交。强迫性交就意味着被罪犯的强迫插入。本曲线图既包括强奸也包括强奸未遂，既包括男性受害人也包括女性受害人，既包括异性恋的强奸也包括同性恋的强奸。强奸未遂包括口头威胁强奸。欲知详情，请点击此处。
资料来源：美国司法部.司法统计年鉴。

Line chart illustrating the rate of rape per 1,000 persons from 1973-2005
Rape is here defined as forced sexual intercourse including both psychological coercion as well as physical force. Forced sexual intercourse means penetration by the offender(s). The chart includes both completed and attempted rapes, male as well as female victims, and both heterosexual and homosexual rape.Attempted rape includes verbal threats of rape. For details, click here.Source: US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.

[1]. 这里包括插入阴道、口腔、肛门。——译者注。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Rape: Summary

There is no question that rape is a serious problem in all too many countries. However, it is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to get reliable figures about the extent of this problem. One reason for this is the inconsistent way in which rape is defined in different legislatures. (In the USA, even the individual states use different definitions.) Seen from a world-wide perspective, the picture is even more confusing because of the wide differences between the criminal codes of different countries. Moreover, many rapes are never reported while, on the other hand, false rape accusations are by no means rare. As a result, rape statistics have a reputation of being unreliable, and international comparisons are problematical. Nevertheless, looking at the accumulated statistics of a single country, one can at least discern some trends. On the whole, these trends are not discouraging.
In the USA, for example, there has been a slow, but steady decrease of rapes over the last 30 years (“rape” is here narrowly defined as “forced penetration”.)