被禁止的性行为与性暴力

成人与儿童的性接触: 乱伦: 法律方面

大多数人可能都会满足于把“近亲属之间的性交”作为乱伦的定义。不过，对于刑法来说，这个定义过于模糊。“性交”的严密的含义究竟是什么？它只是意味着阴茎-阴道交媾吗？或者它也意味着手交（manual intercourse）、口交、肛交甚至视交（visual intercourse）呢？而且，什么是“近亲属”呢？这只是意味着像父母与孩子或兄弟与姐妹这样的血缘关系最近的亲属吗？或者它是否也包括同父异母兄弟与姐妹、同母异父兄弟与姐妹、堂兄弟姐妹、表兄弟姐妹和同父异母堂兄弟与姐妹呢？它是否包括继父母与继子女呢？乱伦也可能发生在同性别的近亲属之间吗？

对于这些疑问，不同的立法机构会找到不同的答案，而且也有明确载明的不同的惩罚条款。甚至，在一些国家，只要涉及到的个人是同辈人（例如两个未成年人或两个成人），乱伦同样根本就不是犯罪行为[1]。在成人及其孩子之间的乱伦常常在不同的法令下被指控。考虑到所有这些方面，呈现给大家的本教程不可能详细展开讨论。因此，我们只是就成人及其孩子之间的乱伦所做的观察研究作概要性的讨论。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Adult Sexual Contact with Children: Incest: Legal Aspects

Most people are probably content with the definition of incest as “sexual intercourse between close relatives” However, for the criminal law this is too vague. What exactly is meant by “sexual intercourse”? Does it mean only coitus or also manual, oral, anal, and even visual intercourse? And what are “close relatives”? Does this mean only the closest blood relatives like parent and child or brother and sister, or does it also include half-brothers, half-sisters, cousins and half-cousins? Does it include step-parents and step-children? Can incest also occur between relatives of the same sex?
Different legislatures have found different answers to these questions and have also specified different punishments. Indeed, in some countries incest as such is not a crime at all as long as the individuals involved are of the same generation, for example, two minors or two adults 1. . Incest between adults and their children is often prosecuted under different statutes. In view of all this, the present course cannot go into details. Instead, we will restrict ourselves to some general observations about the incest between adults and their children.

1.  France, Belgium, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Japan, Turkey, and many Latin-American countries.