被禁止的性行为与性暴力

性暴力: 强奸: 女性受害人:帮助受害人 2

在受到人身的性攻击之后的数天和几周里，受害人通常会体验到非常严重的心理障碍，可能的情形通常从精神恍惚、对任何事物都会神经紧张、易怒和睡眠不规则，到反复做恶梦、痛苦经历浮现和担心受到人身侵犯等等。她们也可能会压抑对人身的性攻击的确切细节的回忆或在脑海里一遍又一遍地一再体验这种痛苦的经历。这样的体验甚至可能持续数月。在一些案例，也有理由会担心非意愿怀孕或担心感染性传播疾病。对非意愿怀孕和性传播疾病的检验可能需要一定的时间。这就是为什么持续的医学照护是非常重要的另一个原因。

受害人并不会都按照同样的方式来对待和处理她们的创伤的。有的受害人抑制不住情感：她们会哭泣、愤怒得发抖、或不自然地发笑。有些似乎外表镇静和理性，但是这只是她们内心烦乱的一种伪装。有些受害人也可能否认受到过人身的性攻击，因为事实本身可能不堪回首。有些研究者提出过一个两相反应的“强奸创伤综合征（rape trauma syndrome）”，它首先类似于临床上的休克，然后是创伤后心理压力失调（post-traumatic stress disorder，PTSD）。

强奸案的受害人常常会感到被人背叛，并且变得不信任他人。她们可能在心理上封闭自己，并因而让人难以帮助她们（渡过难关）。然而，对于她们的康复来说，心理咨询服务的帮助是至关重要的。家庭成员、朋友、咨询师和治疗师都应该耐心而不加任何评判地倾听她们的倾诉，而且无条件地主动提供任何的支持。同样重要的是，要让受害人明白她自己并不应该为所受到的伤害承担任何的责任。

在许多国家，现在已经有了强奸危机干预中心（rape crisis center）及其热线电话，能够提供咨询建议和咨询帮助。不仅受害人，而且受害人的家人和朋友都可能觉得与强奸危机干预中心及其热线电话联系是非常有用的。不过，不应该强迫受害人一定要去这样做。尽管必须的支持是必要的，但是，她们需要一定的时间来缓解痛苦体验。

美国抗击人身的性攻击组织
An American Organization fighting Sexual Assault

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Rape: Female Victims: Helping the Victims 2

In the first few days and weeks after the assault, victims usually experience various psychological problems, possibly ranging from an inability to concentrate, general nervousness, irritability, and irregular sleeping patterns to recurrent nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks. They may also repress the memories of certain details of the attack or relive them over and over in their minds. Such experiences may even continue for months. In some cases, there is also reason to worry about an unwanted pregnancy or the infection with a sexually transmitted disease. Testing for these may take some time. This is another reason why continuing medical attention is important.
Not all victims deal with their trauma in the same way. Some cannot help expressing their feelings: They cry, shake with anger, or laugh uncomfortably. Others seem outwardly calm and rational, but this only masks their inner turmoil. Some may also be in denial, because the reality may be too painful to remember. Some researchers have spoken of a two-phase “Rape Trauma Syndrome” which first resembles a medical shock and later a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Rape victims often feel betrayed and become suspicious of others. They may isolate themselves and thus make it difficult for another person to assist them. However, psychological help is essential for their recovery. Family members, friends, counselors, and therapists should patiently and nonjudgmentally listen and offer their unconditional support. It is also important to make the victim understand that she is not to blame for what was done to her.
In many countries there are now rape crisis centers and hotlines that can offer advice and assistance. Not only the victims, but also their families and friends may find it useful to contact them. However, the victims should not be pressured to do so. Even with all necessary support, they need their own time to work through their experience.