被禁止的性行为与性暴力

成人与儿童的性接触: 定义 3

今天，当人们讨论成人与儿童的性接触时，最常听到的术语就是“娈童癖（pedophilia，照字面的意思就是“儿童的性爱”，自希腊语pais：男孩或儿童；philia：性爱）”。在精神病学里，娈童癖的意思是指成人对儿童的性欲之爱或对儿童有性吸引力。甚至，有一些成人，其中大多数是男人，他们永久性和强烈地感到有这种吸引力，被称为“娈童癖者（pedophile）”。在精神病诊断手册里，娈童癖在性副态（paraphilia）项下被列为精神障碍。

不过，重要的是要了解一下两个基本事实：

撇开有关“儿童”的不同法律定义和多样化的允诺年龄不说，有一些“再明白不过的”事例是不容争辩的：一些成人与儿童发生了性接触，即与尚未发育到青春期的女孩和/或男孩发生了性接触。

大多数这样的成人并不是娈童癖者。他们“真正的”性兴趣在于其它的方面，而且他们与儿童发生的性接触行为仍旧是偶发的或短暂的。他们只是抓住一次发生性接触的机会，或者屈从于一闪而过的性冲动，或者是出于性好奇，或者利用了意外的机会，或者为利用儿童的依赖性找到了方便的机会。这样的成人早就被人称为“境遇性罪犯（situational offender）”，其相对应的称呼叫“预谋性罪犯（preferential offender）”，即偏好儿童的娈童癖者[1]。

但是，许多娈童癖者会设法控制他们的性冲动。有的甚至有意避免与儿童为伴。因为他们的性兴趣不可能改变，这种自我控制是针对娈童癖者的预防治疗疗程要达到的目标。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Adult Sexual Contact with Children: Definitions 3

When people today discuss adult sexual contact with children, the term most often heard is “pedophilia” (literally, love of children, from gr. pais: boy or child and philia: love). In psychiatry, pedophilia means an adult’s erotic love of children or the sexual attraction to children. Indeed, there are some adults - most of them men – who persistently and strongly feel this attraction. They are called “pedophiles”. In psychiatric manuals, pedophilia is listed as a mental disorder among the paraphilias.
However, it is important to understand two basic facts:

1. Not every adult who has sexual contact with a child is a pedophile, and
2. not every pedophile has sexual contact with a child.

Leaving aside the different legal definitions of “child” and the varying ages of consent, there are “clear-cut” cases that allow no dispute: Some adults have sexual contact with children, i.e. with girls and/or boys who have not yet reached puberty.
Most of these adults are not pedophiles. Their “real” sexual interest lies elsewhere, and their behavior therefore remains occasional or episodic. They simply seize an opportunity, or follow a fleeting impulse, or are curious, or take advantage of an unexpected situation, or find it convenient to exploit a child’s dependency. Such adults have been called “situational offenders” as opposed to “preferential offenders”, i.e. pedophiles who prefer children 1.
However, many pedophiles manage to control their urges. Some even deliberately avoid the company of children. This self-control is the goal of preventive therapy programs for pedophiles, since their sexual interests are not likely to change.

1. Kenneth V. Lanning, “Child Molesters: A Behavioral Analysis. For Law Enforcement Officers Investigating Cases of Child Sexual Exploitation. In Cooperation with the FBI”, Fourth Edition 2001. (For the full text of this very informative book click here)