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只有两种避孕方法对男女两性都适用：节欲和绝育。节欲和绝育即可能是强制的也可能是自愿的。强制节欲的例子是寄宿学校、监狱、军营和露营地、远洋轮船、医院和疗养院等场所。可是，在所有这些场所里，节欲也可能是自愿的。后者的最好例子莫过于修道院。绝育在今天是最平常不过的自愿手术了，但是在往日，那些“不受欢迎的”群体更经常地不得不被强制绝育。这种非人道的手术曾经大抵以“种族改善”或“优生学”
(产生“优质”人类的科学)的主张证明是正当的。如此的主张，在许多国家已经被各种各样的种族主义政策弄得臭名昭著，现在没有人再予理睬了。另一方面，作为自愿的永久性避孕方法，绝育日益受到人们的欢迎。 |
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Contraception
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Methods
of Contraception: Contraceptive Methods for
Either Sex
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There are only two contraceptive methods suitable for either women and men: Abstinence and sterilization.
Both abstinence and sterilization can be enforced or voluntary. Examples of forced abstinence are boarding schools, prisons, army barracks and camps, ships, hospitals, and nursing homes. However, in all of these cases, abstinence may also be practiced voluntarily. A good example for the latter is a monastery. Sterilization is most often a voluntary operation today but, in the past, it has all to often been forced upon “undesireable” groups of the population. These inhumane practices were usually justified with claims of “race improvement”, or “eugenics” (the science of producing “better” human beings). Such claims, having been discredited in many countries by various racist policies, are now no longer accepted. On the other hand, as a voluntary method of permanent contraception, sterilization is now becoming increasingly popular. |
