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存置的照片、影片和錄像
在互聯網上事先拍攝或錄製的沒有互動性的描述裸體或性行為的照片、影片和錄影並不真正就是互聯網賣淫。與其說它們是賣淫物品,倒不如說它們是色情物品。事實上,為這些描述裸體或性行為的物品支付的互聯網用戶也不能改變這一事實。也有一些例外的情形,例如在互聯網上的性服務與購買性服務,不過,通常在這兩者之間的這種聯繫則過於迂回。
非互動式網絡視頻[1]
只有那種為性活動標價的線上網路視屏的行為才能符合賣淫的定義,儘管這些行為並不是交互作用的。網路視屏的觀看者不可能影響到這種性活動,並且也不可能按照他的願望支配這種舉動,但是,他卻能夠從所提供的多樣的服務清單裏做出自己的選擇,選擇最適合滿足自己性偏好的服務專案。因而,他也會為這種性服務付費。
互動式網絡視頻
也有一些女性進行線上網路視屏傳輸,她們按照觀看者個人的指令與其互動。在一些案例裏,這種女性甚至有女性和/或男性性伴與自己一起表演觀看者想要觀看的性動作。如果恰好在他們視屏會晤時,觀看者通過直接發送給這名女性及其性伴的每一次電子打字聊天資訊或每一次聲頻交談,能夠傳達自己的願望。
這些網路視屏常常由自己經營的女人在家裏操作,有時在丈夫的支持下進行。不過,年輕的單身女人也利用這種機會掙錢,說實話,這種經營的收入可能相當可觀。所以,毋庸置疑,我們現在正討論一種新興的賣淫方式。但是,這在法律、經濟和心理學的術語定義方面,尚未有一個清晰的概念。在這種案例裏,如果賣淫是一種針對婦女的暴力,那麼我們在哪里能夠確切地發現和證實這種暴力?如果賣淫是一種剝削,那麼誰又正在剝削誰?
性暴露網路視屏服務互聯網廣告
(為了避免被輕易識破,廣告中場所的名稱及其它細節內容已經做了處理,但是其活動的內容則確定無疑。)
[1].或称为“单向式网络视屏”——译者注。 |
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Still photos, films and videos
Pre-recorded sexually explicit materials in the internet that are not interactive do not really fit in the present context. They fit the category of pornography rather than that of prostitution. The fact that customers pay for them does not alter that fact. There are some exceptions, but, as a rule, the connection between sexual service and payment is too indirect.
Webcams that are not interactive
A case can be made that charging for live web cam transmissions of sexual activity fits the definition of prostitution even if they are not interactive. The viewer cannot influence the activity and cannot shape it according to his wishes, but he can make a selection from a wide menu of offers and can choose the one most likely to meet his sexual preferences. He then also pays for the service.
Interactive and communicating webcams
There are also live web cam transmissions of women who interact with the viewers by following their personal instructions. In some cases, the women even have female and/or male partners with whom they act out what the viewers want to see. These can make their wishes known per e-mail or talk to the women and her partners directly, just as they would in a video conference. These web cams are often run by self-employed women from their own homes, sometimes with the support of their husbands. However, young, single women also use this opportunity to make money, and indeed, the income can be considerable. There is no doubt, therefore, that we are dealing here with a new form of prostitution. However, it is much less clear what this means in legal, economical, and psychological terms. If prostitution is violence against women, where exactly can it be found and demonstrated in this case? If it is exploitation, who is exploiting whom?
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Internet ad of a sexually explicit webcam service In order to avoid easy identification, the name has been omitted and the design has been changed. However, the text is authentic. |