被禁止的性行為與性暴力

賣淫: 女性賣淫: 小結 1

有多種多樣形式的女性賣淫，過去、現在和將來都對性研究提出了挑戰。女性賣淫是以最錯綜複雜的方式整合了生物的和社會文化特徵的一種現象。生理欲望和心理需要是由以性別不平等的由來已久的模式所塑造和來滿足的。如果沒有理解人類的依附的許多形式和方面，要理解賣淫現象因而是不可能的。

首先，我們必須認識到，一般而言，女性在相當大的程度上依附男性，不僅在經濟方面，而且在政治和文化方面都依附男性。許多父權制社會結構甚至在現代工業化和後工業化社會依然存在。不過，女性依附男性的最大的方面，也許是心理上的依附。社會正在教育女性和男性的性別角色行為方式，以及他們正在學習性別角色行為的方式，都是在應對心理不平衡的問題，讓他們都要對各種各樣的性剝削採取寬容的態度。當婦女在工作場所一直被利用的時候，對婦女的經濟剝削就越發的容易。從世界範圍看，婦女的社會地位如果大抵較低的話，她們不會得到與男人相同水準的教育，就不會為她們的同等的工作獲得合適的報酬，並且其中的更多人會生活在貧困之中。繼而，這會使她們更容易受到人口販子的剝削。的確，許多“性工作者”依靠微薄的收入苟延殘喘。而且，在許多貧窮國家存在很大的性旅遊中心並不是一個偶然的現象。最後要指明一點的是，那些直接或間接涉及賣淫的刑法和民法在很大程度上由男性立法者所主導[1]。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Prostitution: Female Prostitution: Summary 1

Female prostitution in its various forms - past, present, and future - presents a challenge to sex research. It is a phenomenon that combines biological and socio-cultural features in the most intricate way: Physical urges and psychological needs are shaped and satisfied in ways that reflect age-old patterns of gender inequality. Understanding prostitution may therefore be impossible without understanding the many forms and facets of human dependency.
First of all, we must recognize that the female sex in general is still largely dependent on the male sex, not only economically, but also politically and culturally. Many patriarchal structures persist even in modern industrial and post-industrial societies. The most important kind of dependency, however, may be psychological. The way in which female and male gender role behavior is still being taught and learned produces a psychological imbalance that opens the way to various kinds of exploitation. The economic exploitation of women is all the easier as they continue to be disadvantaged in the workplace. World-wide, their social status if usually lower, they are not given the same level of education, do not receive equal pay for equal work, and more of them live in poverty. This, in turn, facilitates their exploitation by traffickers. Indeed, many “sex workers” depend on their meager income for their sheer survival.  Furthermore, it is not a coincidence that the great centers of sex tourism are found in poor countries. Finally, the criminal and civil laws that are directly or indirectly related to prostitution are largely the work of male legislators.