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被禁止的性行为与性暴力
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性暴力:
性骚扰
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联合国在1992年的第19号建议案(参见点击此处)里，也阐述了性骚扰的问题：
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“当妇女屈从于诸如工作场所的性骚扰这种性别特异性的暴力的时候，在职业方面的平等就可能会严重受到削弱。
性骚扰包括不受欢迎的决意行使的涉性的行为，例如无论是通过言辞还是行动的身体接触和求爱、有性含义的公开谈论、出示色情物品和性要求等等。这样的举止可以是羞辱性的，也可能会衍生出一个健康和安全的问题；当受到性骚扰的妇女有合理的原由相信，她拒绝性骚扰可能在包括聘用或升迁等与其职业相关的方面对自己不利的时候，或者当性骚扰营造了一种敌意的工作环境的时候，那么性骚扰就是歧视性的(对待)”。
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重申一点，我们应该切记，男人和女人都可能是性骚扰者或性骚扰的受害者。那么，再一次强调一点，留意这一点是很重要的！大多数性骚扰的受害者都是妇女。
在美国，均等就业机会委员会(EEOC)[1]已经声明性骚扰违反1964年民事权利法案，并且已经发布了一套如何处理性骚扰的指南。正如这个指南里清楚地阐述的一样：
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“当这些不受欢迎的性求爱(sexual
advance)、要求性欢愉(sexual
favor)，和其它有性含义的言辞或性含义的身体行为明确或潜在地影响到了个人的受聘、不合理地妨碍了个人的工作业绩，或造成了胁迫，敌意或无礼的工作环境，那么，这些行为就构成性骚扰”。
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实际上，性骚扰可能以多种形式出现，从偶尔的淫秽言辞到持续固定的追逐受害人和企图强奸等等。不过，严重而真正具有危险性的性侵犯通常可以以不同的刑法依据提起诉讼的[2]。
[1].执行反歧视法律的联邦机构。——译者注。
[2].另参见：阮芳赋、彭晓辉著.人的性与性的人——性学高级教程.北京：北京大学医学出版社，2007：315。——译者注。
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Sexual Violence: Sexual Harassment
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The
United Nations in its Recommendation No. 19 of 1992 (see
here), also addressed the issue of sexual harassment:
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“Equality in employment can be seriously impaired when women are subjected to gender-specific violence, such as sexual harassment in the workplace.
Sexual harassment includes such unwelcome sexually determined behaviour as physical contact and advances, sexually coloured remarks, showing pornography and sexual demand, whether by words or actions. Such conduct can be humiliating and may constitute a health and safety problem; it is discriminatory when the woman has reasonable grounds to believe that her objection would disadvantage her in connection with her employment, including recruitment or promotion, or when it creates a hostile working environment.”
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Again, it should be remembered that that
both men and women may be perpetrators or victims of sexual harassment.
And, once again, it is important to note, that
most victims of sexual harassment are women.
In the United States, the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has stated that sexual harassment violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and has issued a set of
guidelines on how to deal with it. As these guidelines make clear:
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“Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.”
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Actually, sexual harassment can take many forms from the occasional obscene remark to persistent stalking and attempted rape. The severe and truly dangerous cases, however, can usually be prosecuted under different criminal laws.
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