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被禁止的性行为与性暴力
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性暴力: 概述
2
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性暴力在极大程度上是基于性别身份的暴力。正如联合国在1992年所陈述的一样：
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“基于性别身份的暴力是一种歧视妇女的形式，这种歧视会严重制约妇女在与男性平等基础上享受权利和自由的能力……。认为妇女依附于男人或妇女有着一成不变的性别角色的传统看法，会使诸如涉及家庭暴力及其虐待、强迫婚姻、婚嫁殉葬(dowry
death)、强酸袭击和女阴环切等针对妇女的暴力或欺压等惯例习俗永无止境地蔓延开去。这样的损害和惯例习俗可能会为基于性别身份的暴力提供正当的理由，会把所作所为作为保护或管制妇女的一种方式”。
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正如我们将要在以下的内容里了解的一样，也存在着男性针对男性的性暴力以及女性既针对女性也针对男性的性暴力。但是，压倒多数的暴力案例的确是“基于性别身份”的：女性是受害者，而男性是侵犯者。
反对歧视妇女的联合国网站
1979年，联合国通过了一项《
废除对妇女一切形式歧视公约》，而且早在1992年，联合国就颁布了它的第19号一般性建议案，该建议案详细阐明基于性别身份的性暴力就是一种歧视的方式。欲参阅这个建议案和其他所有的建议案，请点击此处。 |
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Sexual Violence: Introduction 2
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Sexual violence is, for the most part, gender-based violence. As the
United Nations stated in 1992:
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“Gender-based violence is a form of discrimination that seriously inhibits women's ability to enjoy rights and freedoms on a basis of equality with men …Traditional attitudes by which women are regarded as subordinate to men or as having stereotyped roles perpetuate widespread practices involving violence or coercion, such as family violence and abuse, forced marriage, dowry deaths, acid attacks and female circumcision. Such prejudices and practices may justify gender-based violence as a form of protection or control of women”.
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As we shall see in the following sections, there is also male sexual violence against males and female sexual violence against both females and males. However, in the overwhelming majority of cases the violence is indeed “gender-based”: Women are the victims and men are the offenders.
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