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绪论 - 什么是性行为? |
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本教程对性行为定义的限定范围 |
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在所呈现给各位读者的本教程里，术语“人类的性行为”既用于广义也用于狭义的界定。当用在广义界定时，人类的性行为的意思仅仅是指作为有性生命体的人的每一个行为。其中，这个定义包括人类作为女性和男性的行为方式，也就是说，他们如何扮演他们的女性和男性性别角色以及他们如何选择和接近他们的性伙伴。这个定义也许比较含混，但是它被人广泛接受和被人普遍理解。因此，该定义不会带来严重的问题。不过，正如我们已经了解的那样，在狭义概念方面，这个术语就更加难以定义了。毋庸置疑，性行为以某种方式与生殖有关，或起初在生物进化中至少与生殖行为有关。尽管如此，我们也了解到在高等哺乳动物、尤其在人类，这不是性行为的所有本来面目。最后，我们认识到，弗洛伊德及其同仁假设过每一个人都存在强有力的、基本的性本能或性驱力。
幸运地是，我们出于狭义定义的目的也勿需论证这个假说是否合用。作为一种变通，我们在此可以把我们的定义限定在更为实用的观点上。在以下的教程内容里，我们把性行为这个术语限定在狭义的概念上： |
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我们对这样的行为的原因、动机或目的不作预先评判。 |
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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Our Definition 2 - Definition in this Course
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In the present course,
the term "human sexual behavior" is used both in a wider and a narrower sense. When used
in the wider sense, it
simply means everything people do as sexual beings. Among other things, this covers the way in which they act as females and males, i.e. how they perform their masculine and feminine gender roles and how they choose and approach their sexual partners. This usage may be vague, but it is widely accepted and generally understood. Therefore it does not present any serious problem.
However, as we have seen, in the narrower sense the term is more difficult to define. Undoubtedly, sexual behavior is somehow related to reproduction, or at least originally it evolved in connection with reproductive behavior. Still, we also know that in the higher animals and especially humans this is not the whole story. Finally, we know that Freud and his followers assume the existence of a powerful basic sexual instinct or drive in every human being.
Fortunately, for our limited purposes it is not necessary to decide whether this assumption is justified or not. Instead, we can restrict ourselves here to a more practical view.
In the following sections, the term is used in the narrower sense:
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“Sexual behavior” is any behavior which involves
the stimulation and excitation of the sex organs.
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We make no prior judgment as to the causes, motives, or purposes of such behavior.
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