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绪论 - 什么是性行为? |
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性及性行为的术语演变史
3：名正言顺的Sex |
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围绕林奈的植物“性征分类法”的论战表明，这个从前在概念上还是狭义的性(sex)字已经开始扩展了它的概念领域。现在，它不仅包含了女性和男性的概念，而且涵盖了生殖的过程，扩展到了各种各样与其相关联的身心反应的过程。于是，在此后的150年里，崭新的和总是特别表达的词汇大量地涌现出来，并且迅速融入了欧洲的各种语言里。与任何语言一样，英语就反映了这种大体的趋势。例如，《牛津英语大词典》(Oxford
English Dictionary )就随同首次印刷成铅字的年代列举了这些词条：“性交”(sexual
intercourse，1799)、“性功能”
(sexual function，1803)、“性器官”
(sexual organ，1828)、“性欲望”
(sexual desire，1836)、“性本能”
(sexual instinct，1861)、“性冲动”(sexual
impulse，1863)、“性举止”
(sexual act，1888)和“性道德败坏”(sexual
immorality，1911)。
同样令人感到有趣的是，这些新词汇表达本身在被人引介后不久，就开始扩展了它们的含义。例如，术语“性器官(sexual
organ)”起初只是意味着男性和女性的器官(即不得不作为解剖结构区分的器官)。但是，一段时间之后，这个词语也被人理解成性欲满足器官(即与性愉悦活动有关的器官)的意思。其结果是，任何涉及到男性和女性性器官的刺激很快就被人描述成性刺激（sexual
stimulation）。鉴于这样的原因，甚至于谈论拥有相同基本解剖结构的同性成员之间的“性”行为也成为可能。
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多卷版本《牛津英语大词典》以英语列举并定义所有的词条。在其中所刊用的词条里，同样以词条原初使用时的引文例举说明词条转换后的含义。
The multi-volume Oxford English Dictionary (OED) lists and defines all words in the English language. Where indicated, it also illustrates shifts in their meaning by providing the original quotes of their first use.
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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History of the Term 4
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The controversy surrounding Linné's "sexual method" indicates that the formerly narrow concept of sex had begun to expand. It now embraced not only femaleness and maleness, but also the process of generation and the various physical and psychological responses connected with it. Thus, within the next 150 years a number of new and evermore specific expressions were coined which quickly entered most European languages. The English language reflects the general trend as well as any of these. For example, the Oxford English Dictionary lists the following terms together with the dates of their first use in print: "sexual intercourse" (1799), "sexual function" (1803), "sexual organs" (1828), "sexual desire" (1836), "sexual instinct" (1861), "sexual impulse" (1863), "sexual act" (1888), and "sexual immorality" (1911).
It is also interesting to note that, in turn, many of these new expressions themselves began to expand their meaning soon after they had been introduced. For example,
the term "sexual organs" at first merely meant male and female organs (i.e., organs that have to do with sex as an anatomical distinction). Then, after some time, it was also understood to mean organs of erotic gratification (i.e., organs that have to do with sex as a pleasurable activity). As a result, very soon any behavior involving the stimulation of these organs could be described as "sexual". Therefore it even became possible to speak of "sexual" behavior between members of the same sex who shared the same basic anatomy.
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