变异的性行为

两位著名的作家 奥地利精神病学家理查德·冯·克拉夫特-埃宾收集的称为《性病态》的案例著作。他用上述两位著名作家的名字来表达施虐和受虐的特征。 (左)马奎斯·德·萨德(1740-1814)，法国贵族，曾有意写过一部诽谤性的小说，在小说里，贞操受到惩罚而邪恶却得到奖赏。他通过淫秽的行动和残忍的性格，试图反驳他那个时代人类“人本善”的“文明的”信仰。 (右) 利奥波德·冯·萨克-马索赫 (1836 -1895)，奥地利作家，他的作品揭露热衷于支配女人的情节，例如《穿毛皮大衣的维纳斯》(1870)。他因克拉夫特-埃宾标签性的称谓而被人取笑。

集合术语“施虐受虐癖(sadomasochism)”是指相互映照的性施虐恋[2]和性受虐恋^[3]。性施虐恋的本质是对性伴的统治，而性受虐恋的本质是对性伴的臣服。过去，人们总是不明白，这两种现象是同一枚硬币的两面的道理，也不明白施虐者和受虐者之间的关系，它们并不是人们乍一看就似乎可以明白的那档子事儿。当然，施虐受虐癖确实是一种荒谬现象。有时候，施虐受虐癖者双方甚至可以转换角色：同一个人可以在一次性偶遇中扮演性虐待角色，即统治角色，也可以在另一次性偶遇中扮演被性虐待角色，即臣服的角色。

在进一步讨论施虐受虐癖这种复杂现象的细节之前，对其作以下简要的历史扫描看来是有用的：

[1]. 施虐受虐癖(Sadomasochism)，基于台湾学者卡维波的观点：施虐受虐癖(S/M)不同于性虐待。所以，他称之为“愉虐恋”。参见：卡维波.愉虐恋与愉虐色情：性伦理观点.见：华人性研究，2008.1(2)：69-78。——译者注。

Two Examples: 2. Sadomasochism

Two Famous Writers The Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing collected case studies of what he considered to be “sexual psychopathologies”. He used the names of two famous writers to characterize two of them: Sadism and Masochism. (Left) Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), a French aristocrat, had written deliberately scandalous novels in which virtue was punished and evil rewarded. Through the obscenity of the action and the cruelty of his characters, he tried to refute the “enlightened” belief of his contemporaries that human beings are “naturally good”. (Right) Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836 -1895) an Austrian writer, revealed in some of his writings a devotion to dominant women, for example in “Venus im Pelz” (Venus in Furs, 1870). He was not amused by Krafft-Ebing’s labelling.

The collective term “sadomasochism” refers to the phenomena of sexual sadism and masochism, which mirror each other. The essence of sadism is the domination of a sexual partner, and that of masochism is submission to a sexual partner. In the past, it was not always understood that these phenomena are two sides of the same coin and that the relationship between a sadist and a masochist is not what it may seem at first glance. Indeed, it is a paradoxical one. Occasionally, a sadomasochistic couple may even switch roles: One and the same person may play a sadistic, i.e. dominant role in one sexual encounter and a masochistic, i.e. submissive role in another.
Before discussing any further details of this very complex phenomenon, the following brief historical sketch seems useful: