变异的性行为 |
两种变异的性行为举例:
1.
恋物癖 |
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阿尔弗雷德·比奈
(1857- 1911)
法国医生和心理学家,作为智商(IQ)测验先驱而闻名于世。他也引入了”性敏感区”和”性恋物癖“的概念。他的著作《性爱问题中的”恋物癖“》发表于1882年。
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Alfred Binet
(1857- 1911)
a French
physician
and
psychologist,
is best
known as the
pioneer of
intelligence
testing (IQ
Test). He
also
introduced
the concepts
of
"erogenous
zones“ and
“erotic
fetishism”.
His study
Le
fétichisme
dans l’amour
(“Fetishism
in Matters
of Love”)
appeared in
1882. |
|
|
在原初的含义里,词语“fetish”(葡萄牙语:feitiço,取自拉丁语factitius:人工制品)表示一个崇拜的对象、偶像和赋予魔力的宗教咒语。在许多文字出现之前或无文字的社会里,这样的偶像曾经和仍然受到人们的顶礼膜拜。
当把它运用到人类的性行为时,如果一件事物正对某人起到性唤起的作用,这个术语就可能指任何东西——一件物品、身体的一个部分或一项活动。请您注意:这种性唤起不是由作为整体的一个人所引起,而是由那个人的身体某一部位或由属于这个人的某件物品所导致,或者根本上只是由任何一件物品所激发,或者由已经对“恋物癖者”来说赋予了某种性爱意义的某项活动所促成。简而言之,术语“性恋物癖(sexual
festishism)”是指在回避性伙伴的整个个体之下的对身体部位或无生命的物体或特殊的活动的一种性迷恋(erotic
fascination)。
一定程度的某种恋物嗜好的确非常普遍。几乎每一个人曾经保存和珍爱一封情书、一张照片、一块手帕、一缕头发、一件衣物、或唤起不在现场的心爱人出现在脑海的类似的物品。甚至于在某些情形之下,诸如此类的无生命物体也可能适合于性唤起。不过,这些“轻微的”恋物嗜好个案“并不确切地重要”,而且不是意指我们所说的“严重的”恋物癖。只有当恋物行为变成专一的和强迫的,只有当恋物行为削弱或阻碍与性伴的相互满足的性关系时,这种恋物行为才成为严重的问题。不过,尽管这样,无论治疗师或其他任何人将要设法改变恋物癖与否(例如,参见此处),它也会依环境条件而定。
简而言之,当我们讨论性恋物癖时,我们恰恰正在讨论社会背景和恋物嗜好的程度问题。毕竟,不同的性伴可能会对不同的性妄想做出反应,甚至可以十分轻易地容忍其中的一些性伴侣,尤其在这些性伴侣以某种方式“符合”他们自己的性偏好时,则更容易容忍。所以,同样再清楚不过的是,甚至“严重的”性恋物癖也并不必定就值得去质疑。只要一对性伴没有感到有什么问题,就不存在有什么理由需要外人就当事者的行为说三道四。在这样的情形之下,我们也可以质疑“恋物癖”这个负面的标签是否仍然适用。
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Variations in Sexual Behavior |
Two Examples: 1. Fetishism |
In its original
meaning, the word “fetish” (portug:
feitiço from lat. factitius:
artefact) denotes an object of
veneration, an idol, a religious item
endowed with magic powers. Such fetishes
were, and still are, worshipped in many
preliterate societies. Applied to
human sexual behavior, the term can
refer to anything - an object, a body
part, or an activity - if it is sexually
arousing to someone. Please, note: This
arousal is not caused by a person as a
whole, but by a part of that person or
by an object that belongs to the person,
or simply by any object at all, or by
some activity that has acquired some
erotic significance for the “fetishist”.
In short,
the term “sexual festishism” refers to
an erotic fascination with body parts or
inanimate objects or specific activities
at the expense of the whole personality
of a sexual partner.
Some sort of limited fetishism is very
common indeed. Nearly everyone has, at
one time or another, saved and cherished
a love letter, a photo, a handkerchief,
a flower, a lock of hair, a piece of
clothing, or similar items that evoke
the presence of an absent, beloved
person. Indeed, in some cases, such
inanimate objects can also become
sexually arousing. However, these “mild”
cases “do not really count” and are not
meant when one talks of “serious”
fetishism. It becomes serious, when the
fetishistic behavior becomes exclusive
and obsessive, and when it impairs or
prevents a mutually satisfying
relationship with a sexual partner.
However, even then it depends on the
circumstances whether a therapist or
anyone else should try to change it (for
an example, see
here.)
In short,
when talking
about sexual fetishism, one is talking
about a social context and about matters
of degree. After all,
different partners may react differently
to different sexual obsessions and may
even tolerate some of them quite easily,
especially if they somehow “match” their
own predilections. It is therefore also
clear that even “serious” sexual
fetishism is not necessarily
problematic. As long as a couple has no
problem with it, there is little reason
for outsiders to pass judgement on their
behavior. In such a case, one may also
ask whether the negative label
“fetishism” is still useful. |