|
被禁止的性行為與性暴力
|
|
性暴力: 性騷擾
|
|
聯合國在1992年的第19號建議案（請點擊此處）裏，也闡述了性騷擾的問題： |
“當婦女屈從于諸如工作場所的性騷擾這種性別特異性的暴力的時候，在職業方面的平等就可能會嚴重受到削弱。
性騷擾包括不受歡迎的決意行使的涉性的行為，例如無論是通過言辭還是行動的身體接觸和求愛、有性含義的公開談論、出示色情物品和性要求等等。這樣的舉止可以是羞辱性的，也可能會衍生出一個健康和安全的問題；當受到性騷擾的婦女有合理的原由相信，她拒絕性騷擾可能在包括聘用或升遷等與其職業相關的方面對自己不利的時候，或者當性騷擾營造了一種敵意的工作環境的時候，那麼性騷擾就是歧視性的（對待）”。
|
|
|
重申一點，我們應該切記，男人和女人都可能是性騷擾者或性騷擾的受害者。那麼，再一次強調一點，留意這一點是很重要的！大多數性騷擾的受害者都是婦女。
在美國，均等就業機會委員會（EEOC）[1]已經聲明性騷擾違反1964年民事權利法案，並且已經發佈了一套如何處理性騷擾的指南。正如這個指南裏清楚地闡述的一樣： |
“當這些不受歡迎的性求愛（sexual
advance）、要求性歡愉（sexual
favor）和其它有性含義的言辭或性含義的身體行為明確或潛在地影響到了個人的受聘、不合理地妨礙了個人的工作業績，或造成了脅迫，敵意或無禮的工作環境，那麼，這些行為就構成性騷擾”。
|
|
|
實際上，性騷擾可能以多種形式出現，從偶爾的淫穢言辭到持續固定的追逐受害人和企圖強姦等等。不過，嚴重而真正具有危險性的性侵犯通常可以以不同的刑法依據提起訴訟。
|
|
Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
|
|
Sexual Violence: Sexual Harassment
|
|
The
United Nations in its Recommendation No. 19 of 1992 (see
here), also addressed the issue of sexual harassment:
|
|
“Equality in employment can be seriously impaired when women are subjected to gender-specific violence, such as sexual harassment in the workplace.
Sexual harassment includes such unwelcome sexually determined behaviour as physical contact and advances, sexually coloured remarks, showing pornography and sexual demand, whether by words or actions. Such conduct can be humiliating and may constitute a health and safety problem; it is discriminatory when the woman has reasonable grounds to believe that her objection would disadvantage her in connection with her employment, including recruitment or promotion, or when it creates a hostile working environment.”
|
|
|
Again, it should be remembered that that
both men and women may be perpetrators or victims of sexual harassment.
And, once again, it is important to note, that
most victims of sexual harassment are women.
In the United States, the
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has stated that sexual harassment violates the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and has issued a set of
guidelines on how to deal with it. As these guidelines make clear:
|
|
“Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.”
|
|
|
Actually, sexual harassment can take many forms from the occasional obscene remark to persistent stalking and attempted rape. The severe and truly dangerous cases, however, can usually be prosecuted under different criminal laws.
|
