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被禁止的性行為與性暴力
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性暴力: 概述
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性暴力在極大程度上是基於性別身份的暴力。正如聯合國在1992年所陳述的一樣：
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“基於性別身份的暴力是一種歧視婦女的形式，這種歧視會嚴重制約婦女在與男性平等基礎上享受權利和自由的能力……。認為婦女依附男人或婦女有一成不變的性別角色的傳統看法，會使諸如涉及家庭暴力及其虐待、強迫婚姻、婚嫁殉葬（dowry
death）、強酸襲擊和女陰環切等針對婦女的暴力或欺壓等慣例習俗永無止境地蔓延開去。這樣的損害和慣例習俗可能會為基於性別身份的暴力提供正當的理由，會把所作所為作為保護或管制婦女的一種方式”。
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正如我們將要在以下的內容裏瞭解的一樣，也存在著男性針對男性的性暴力以及女性既針對女性也針對男性的性暴力。但是，壓倒多數的暴力案例的確是“基於性別身份”的：女性是受害者，而男性是侵犯者。
反對歧視婦女的聯合國網站
1979年，聯合國通過了一項《廢除對婦女一切形式歧視公約》，而且早在1992年，聯合國就頒佈了它的第19號一般性建議案，該建議案詳細闡明基於性別身份的性暴力就是一種歧視的方式。欲參閱這個建議案和其它所有的建議案，請點擊此處。 |
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Sexual Violence: Introduction 2
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Sexual violence is, for the most part, gender-based violence. As the
United Nations stated in 1992:
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“Gender-based violence is a form of discrimination that seriously inhibits women's ability to enjoy rights and freedoms on a basis of equality with men …Traditional attitudes by which women are regarded as subordinate to men or as having stereotyped roles perpetuate widespread practices involving violence or coercion, such as family violence and abuse, forced marriage, dowry deaths, acid attacks and female circumcision. Such prejudices and practices may justify gender-based violence as a form of protection or control of women”.
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As we shall see in the following sections, there is also male sexual violence against males and female sexual violence against both females and males. However, in the overwhelming majority of cases the violence is indeed “gender-based”: Women are the victims and men are the offenders.
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