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被禁止的性行為與性暴力
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性暴力:
性器官毀損:
方式
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現今，在非洲和中東，女性性器官的手術毀損已經成為一個有爭議的國際問題。單純的陰蒂包皮環切（circumcision），即陰蒂包皮的切除通常並不認為具有爭議性，具有爭議性的恰恰是以下的手術措施： |
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陰蒂切除（clitoridectomy），即手術切除陰蒂頭。
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陰戶部分切除（excision），即陰蒂切除加全部或部分小陰唇的切除。
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陰戶切除（vulvectomy），為一種非常特殊的女性性器官毀損，即陰蒂-小陰唇切除加全部或部分大陰唇的切除。這些陰唇的殘沿然後被縫合在一起，封閉著陰道開口。只有一個小孔殘存下來，用來排尿和排經血。
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這些手術通常由年長婦女對非常年輕的女孩實施。按照當地的風俗習慣不同，女孩的年齡從嬰兒到青春前期，年齡大小不等。在多數情況下，介於3-8歲之間。手術器械常常是未經消毒的刀子或剃刀。下面我們就這三種女性性性器官毀損方式作一些詳細的說明。 |
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Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence
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Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Forms
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Today, the surgical mutilation of female sex organs in parts of Africa and the Middle East has become a controversial international issue. A simple
circumcision, i.e. the removal of the clitoral foreskin is usually not considered controversial, but the following procedures are:
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Clitoridectomy, i.e. the surgical removal of the clitoral glans.
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Excision, i.e. a clitoridectomy plus the removal of all or part of the inner lips (labia minora).
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Vulvectomy of a very special kind, i.e an excision plus the the removal of all or parts of the outer lips (labia majora). The remaining edges of these lips are then sewn together, closing the vaginal opening. Only a small hole is left for passing urine and menstrual blood.
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These operations are usually performed without anesthesia by elderly women on very young girls. Their ages vary according to local customs from infancy to early adolescence. In most cases, the age lies between 3 and 8. The instruments are often unsterilized knives or razor blades. The following sections provide some details on these three forms of mutilation.
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