被禁止的性行為與性暴力

性暴力: 性器官毀損: 術語

最近數十年來，在一些國家，一些傳統的女性性器官改造術已經開始吸引全世界的目光。在這種背景下最頻繁遇到的術語為“陰蒂包皮環切（female circumcision）”、“生殖器切除（genital cutting）”和“女性生殖器毀損（female genital mutilation，FGM）”。遺憾的是，這些術語沒有一個完全合適。第一個術語幾乎總是委婉語，因為單純的陰蒂包皮環切是罕見的。大多數時候，不只是切除陰蒂包皮而已。含混不清的第二個術語同樣會掩蓋導致女性性器官的嚴重而永久損傷的手術這個事實。基於這種考慮，第三個術語較為切中要害。不過，這個術語存在形容詞“生殖器的（genital）”這一問題。名詞“生殖器（genital，自拉丁語：genitalia）”意思是“衍生後代的器官（organ of generation）”或“繁殖器官（reproductive organ）”。這是一個讓人產生偏見和對性器官使用不當的術語。在這種使用中，它尤其會令人產生誤解，因為在許多場合人們正談論的恰恰是陰蒂切除（clitoridectomy），即切除陰蒂頭。但是，陰蒂沒有衍生後代或繁殖的功能，因而並不是“生殖的（genital）”器官。最後要說明的是，正如我們會明白的那樣，這種手術程式甚至常常遠超出了陰蒂切除的範圍，牽涉到更進一步的嚴重損傷。正如最為精確的描述一樣，這種手術成就了這樣的一個術語——“女性性器官毀損（mutilation of female sex organ）”。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Terms

In the last few decades, certain traditional alterations of female sex organs in some countries have begun to attract world-wide attention. The most frequently encountered terms in this context are “female circumcision”, “genital cutting”, and “female genital mutilation (FGM). Unfortunately, none of these terms is fully adequate. The first is almost always a euphemism, because a simple circumcision of the clitoral foreskin is rare. Most of the time, there is much more involved. The vague second term also glosses over the fact that the operation usually results in serious, permanent injuries of the female sex organs. In this sense, the third term is closer to the mark. There is a problem, however, with the adjective “genital”. The noun “genitals” (from lat. genitalia) means “organs of generation” or “reproductive organs”. It is a prejudicial and inappropriate term for sex organs. In this case, it is especially misleading, because, in many cases, one is talking about a clitoridectomy, i.e. the cutting out of the clitoral glans. The clitoris, however, has no generative or reproductive function and is therefore not a “genital” organ. Finally, as we shall see, the procedure often goes well beyond even a clitoridectomy and involves further serious injuries. This leaves, as the most precise description, the term “mutilation of female sex organs”.