變異的性行為

兩位著名的作家 奧地利精神病學家理查·馮·克拉夫特-埃賓收集的稱為《性病態》的案例著作。他用上述兩位著名作家的名字來表達施虐和受虐的特徵。（左）馬奎斯·德·薩德（Marquis de Sade，1740-1814），法國貴族，曾有意寫過一部誹謗性的小說，在小說裏，貞操受到懲罰而邪惡卻得到獎賞。他通過淫穢的行動和殘忍的性格，試圖反駁他那個時代人類“人本善”的“文明的”信仰。（右）利奧波德·馮·薩克-馬索赫（Leopold von Sacher-Masoch，1836 -1895），奧地利作家，他的作品揭露熱衷於支配女人的情節，例如《穿毛皮大衣的維納斯》（1870）。他因克拉夫特-埃賓標籤性的稱謂而被人取笑。

集合術語“施虐受虐癖（sadomasochism）”[1]是指相互映照的性施虐癖和性受虐癖。性施虐癖的本質是對性伴的統治，而性受虐癖的本質是對性伴的臣服。過去，人們總是不明白，這兩種現象是同一枚硬幣的兩面的道理，也不明白施虐者和受虐者之間的關係，它們並不是人們乍一看就似乎可以明白的那檔子事兒。當然，施虐受虐癖確實是一種荒謬現象。有時候，施虐受虐癖者雙方甚至可以轉換角色：同一個人可以在一次性偶遇中扮演性虐待角色，即統治角色，也可以在另一次性偶遇中扮演被性虐待角色，即臣服的角色。

在進一步討論施虐受虐癖這種複雜現象的細節之前，對其作以下簡要的歷史掃描看來是有用的：

[1]. 施虐受虐癖（sadomasochism），基於臺灣學者卡維波的觀點：施虐受虐癖（S/M）不同於性虐待。所以，他稱之為“愉虐戀”。參見：卡維波.愉虐戀與愉虐色情：性倫理觀點.見：華人性研究，2008.1（2）：69-78。——譯者注。

Two Examples: 2. Sadomasochism

Two Famous Writers The Austrian psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing collected case studies of what he considered to be “sexual psychopathologies”. He used the names of two famous writers to characterize two of them: Sadism and Masochism. (Left) Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), a French aristocrat, had written deliberately scandalous novels in which virtue was punished and evil rewarded. Through the obscenity of the action and the cruelty of his characters, he tried to refute the “enlightened” belief of his contemporaries that human beings are “naturally good”. (Right) Leopold von Sacher-Masoch (1836 -1895) an Austrian writer, revealed in some of his writings a devotion to dominant women, for example in “Venus im Pelz” (Venus in Furs, 1870). He was not amused by Krafft-Ebing’s labelling.

The collective term “sadomasochism” refers to the phenomena of sexual sadism and masochism, which mirror each other. The essence of sadism is the domination of a sexual partner, and that of masochism is submission to a sexual partner. In the past, it was not always understood that these phenomena are two sides of the same coin and that the relationship between a sadist and a masochist is not what it may seem at first glance. Indeed, it is a paradoxical one. Occasionally, a sadomasochistic couple may even switch roles: One and the same person may play a sadistic, i.e. dominant role in one sexual encounter and a masochistic, i.e. submissive role in another.
Before discussing any further details of this very complex phenomenon, the following brief historical sketch seems useful: