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概述-歷史記載
Introduction
- Historical Notes |
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首次治癒梅毒 |
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數個世紀以來，曾用水銀（以其藥膏、口服藥物和蒸汽浴的劑方）治療過梅毒。19世紀期間，較有用的碘化鉀開始被運用，然而即使這種辦法也大同小異。那時，真正有效的和無損健康的治療方法簡直就不存在。不僅千千萬萬的平頭百姓，而且歷史上的許多名人也死于梅毒。最終，在20世紀的早期，德國科學家破譯出了梅毒有效治療的基本原理。
1905年，F.施奧丁恩（Fritz Schaudinn，1871-1906）發現了梅毒致病的罪魁禍首——蒼白螺旋體（treponema
pallidum）。
次年的1906年，瓦塞爾曼（August von Wassermann，1866-1925）改進了至今仍以他的名字命名的實驗。這個叫“瓦塞爾曼實驗”（“Wassermann test”）可以讓我們早期發現梅毒感染。
最後，到了1910年，德國醫學家保羅•厄勒克（Paul Ehrlich，1958-1915）和他的日本助手山下黑羅（Sachahiro Hata，1873-1938）經過數百次的實驗，拿出了第一個有效的治療方案，他們稱之為“撒爾佛散（Salvarsan）”的砷化合劑。後來，厄勒克發展出一種改良的劑方，稱為“新撒爾佛散（Neosalvarsan）”。不久，厄勒克以梅毒的征服者而聲名大噪。為在免疫學上的貢獻，他贏得了1908的諾貝爾醫學獎。
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F.施奧丁恩
Fritz Schaudinn
(1871-1906)
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A.瓦塞爾曼
August von Wassermann
(1866-1925)
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保羅•厄勒克
Paul Ehrlich
(1854-1915)
和山下黑羅
and Sachahiro Hata
(1873-1938)
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A First Cure for Syphilis |
For centuries, syphilis was treated with mercury (in the form of ointments, oral medication, and vapor baths). In the course of the 19th century, the more serviceable potassium iodide came to be used, but even this did not make a real difference. A truly effective and healthy treatment simply did not exist. Not only thousands of ordinary people, but many famous historical personalities died of syphilis. Eventually, the basis for an effective treatment was laid by German scientists in the early 20th century.
In 1905, Fritz Schaudinn discovered the causative agent of syphilis, the bacterium treponema pallidum.
Only one year later, in 1906, August von Wassermann developed the test which is still named after him. This “Wassermann test” allowed the early discovery of a syphilitic infection.
Finally, in 1910, the German medical researcher Paul Ehrlich and his Japanese assistant Sachahiro Hata, after hundreds of trials, came up with the first effective cure, an arsenic compound they called “Salvarsan”. Later, Ehrlich developed an improved
version called “Neosalvarsan”. Soon he was widely celebrated as the conqueror of syphilis. For his work in immunology, Ehrlich had already received a Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1908.
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