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緒論 - 什麼是性行為? |
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性行為當前的含義 1:
性別角色行為 |
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性別一覽表 |
性別
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用性別（gender）來定義一個人的女性特徵或男性特徵。性別由一個人確切的性心理品質要素所決定。而一個人的性心理品質要素是作為一個生物性別（sex）和否認作為另一個生物性別在被養育過程中所形成的。
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人們在性的層級上是男性或女性，就在心理上符合他們/她們的性別。大多數個體明確地符合與他們身體性徵相一致的性別。
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但是，少數人部分地認定與自己身體性徵相矛盾的性別（易裝癖），甚至有更少的人完全地認定與自己身體性徵不一致的性別（易性癖）。
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當然，正如文化歷史學家所瞭解的那樣，性別角色的內涵可能會在國家之間或一個世紀之間差別相當地大。因而，在過去人們已經具有的女性氣質和男性氣概的概念可能完全不同於我們自己的概念。甚至於在現在，女性氣質和男性氣概的概念在世界的各個地方差異也很大，“生物性別（sex）”[1]是一個生物範疇的事物，而“性別（gender）”則主要由文化來決定。雖然女性氣質和男性氣概確實具有一些生物基礎，但是它們確切的含意和表達的方式隨著時間的推移能夠發生改變，並且已經發生了改變。但是，不管它們在一個特定的社會裏如何被定義的，它們都在極大的程度上決定著人類所有的性的相互作用關係（sexual
interaction）。
[1].
參見：彭曉輝譯.性健康促進行動方案：區域磋商會議既要.-概念框架.吳敏倫審校.赫西菲爾德性學資料庫：http://www.sexarchive.info/CH/PSHC/PSH-CH/02cf.html（2008-12-21）；另参见：彭晓辉.
對“Sex”和“Sexuality”的討論及其定義的中文翻譯.
見：阮芳賦總編.潘綏銘主編.
中國“性”研究的起點與使命.
臺灣高雄：萬有出版社，2005。 |
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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Current Meanings of the Term 1: Gender Role Behavior
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Summary Table: Gender
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Gender
- Gender is defined as a person's
femininity or
masculinity. It is determined on the basis of certain psychological qualities that are nurtured in one sex and discouraged in the other.
- People are feminine or masculine to the degree in which they conform to their genders.
Most individuals clearly conform to the gender appropriate to their physical sex.
- However, a minority partially assume a gender that contradicts their physical sex (transvestism), and for an even smaller minority such an inversion is complete (transsexualism).
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Of course, as cultural historians know, the content of gender roles may vary considerably from one country and century to another. Thus, in the past, people may have had concepts of femininity and masculinity quite unlike our own. Even today, these concepts may vary in different parts of the world. In other words,
“sex” is a biological category, but “gender” is mostly culturally determined. While femininity and masculinity do have some biological basis, their exact meaning and expression can change and has changed over time. However, no matter how they happen to be defined in a particular society, they determine all human sexual interaction to a very great extent.
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