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緒論 - 什麼是性行為? |
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本教程對性行為的定義：限定的範圍及其定義 |
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在所呈現給各位讀者的本教程裏，術語“人類的性行為”既用於廣義也用於狹義的界定。當用在廣義界定時，人類的性行為的意思僅僅是指作為有性生命體的人的每一個行為。其中，這個定義包括人類作為女性和男性的行為方式，也就是說，他們如何扮演他們的女性和男性性別角色以及他們如何選擇和接近他們的性夥伴。這個定義也許比較含混，但是它被人廣泛接受和被人普遍理解。因此，該定義不會帶來嚴重的問題。不過，正如我們已經瞭解的那樣，在狹義概念方面，這個術語就更加難以定義了。毋庸置疑，性行為以某種方式與生殖有關，或起初在生物進化中至少與生殖行為有關。儘管如此，我們也瞭解到在高等哺乳動物、尤其在人類，這不是性行為的所有本來面目。最後，我們認識到，佛洛伊德及其同仁假設過每一個人都存在強有力的、基本的性本能或性驅力。
幸運地是，我們出於狹義定義的目的也勿需論證這個假說是否合用。作為一種變通，我們在此可以把我們的定義限定在更為實用的觀點上。在以下的教程內容裏，我們把性行為這個術語限定在狹義的概念上： |
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我們對這樣的行為的原因、動機或目的不作預先評判。 |
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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Our Definition 2 - Definition in this Course
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In the present course,
the term "human sexual behavior" is used both in a wider and a narrower sense. When used
in the wider sense, it
simply means everything people do as sexual beings. Among other things, this covers the way in which they act as females and males, i.e. how they perform their masculine and feminine gender roles and how they choose and approach their sexual partners. This usage may be vague, but it is widely accepted and generally understood. Therefore it does not present any serious problem.
However, as we have seen, in the narrower sense the term is more difficult to define. Undoubtedly, sexual behavior is somehow related to reproduction, or at least originally it evolved in connection with reproductive behavior. Still, we also know that in the higher animals and especially humans this is not the whole story. Finally, we know that Freud and his followers assume the existence of a powerful basic sexual instinct or drive in every human being.
Fortunately, for our limited purposes it is not necessary to decide whether this assumption is justified or not. Instead, we can restrict ourselves here to a more practical view.
In the following sections, the term is used in the narrower sense:
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“Sexual behavior” is any behavior which involves
the stimulation and excitation of the sex organs.
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We make no prior judgment as to the causes, motives, or purposes of such behavior.
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