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緒論 - 什麼是性行為? |
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性行為當前的含義
2:
性欲行為 |
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高等哺乳動物的性欲行為 |
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正在交尾的猴子
生殖行為？等級顯示行為和安撫行為？撫慰行為？導致愉悅的行為？
Copulating monkeys
Reproductive behavior? Rank-demonstrating and appeasing behavior?
Soothing behavior?
Pleasure-producing behavior?
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在許多高等哺乳動物，不能僅依據動物的生殖和雌雄交合關係來解釋性行為。的確，對於一些高等哺乳動物物種，確實可以把這種所謂的性行為以不同的方式來表達，這也許更為確切：“預警行為（warning
behavior）”、“迎候行為（greeting
behavior）”、“安撫行為（appeasing
behavior）”、“等級顯示行為（rank-demonstrating
behavior）”，或諸如此類。例如，一些種類的猴子顯露勃起的陰莖，以警告進入自己地盤的侵入者；它們通過交尾呈送上自己，以迎候或安撫同一猴群中高等級的同伴。或者它們通過騎跨低等級的同伴，以顯示自己的等級。所以，當我們把這樣的行為稱為性行為的時候，就完全無限制性和
帶有選擇性，並且就這樣的行為的意義看等於什麼也沒有說。只有這樣的行為涉及到一些性反應（無論多麼地不完整、不典型或不成熟），我們才可以把它說成是性行為；但是，這種性反應含有什麼意義，我們卻什麼也沒有做出解釋。事實上，對於一些動物，可以採取強化觀測的方法來確定這種性反應的含意。
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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Current Meanings of the Term 2: Erotic Behavior
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Higher Mammals |
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In many higher mammals sexual behavior cannot be explained only in terms of reproduction and male-female relations. Indeed, in some instances this so-called sexual behavior could very well be described quite differently and much better as "warning behavior", "greeting behavior", "appeasing behavior", "rank-demonstrating behavior", or the like. For example, certain monkeys display an erect penis as a warning to intruders into their territory; they greet or appease higher ranking animals in their group by presenting themselves for copulation; or they demonstrate their own rank by mounting their inferiors. Therefore, when we call such behavior sexual we are purely (and selectively) descriptive and do not imply anything about its significance. We are saying only that the behavior involves some sexual response (however rudimentary). We are not saying what this response means. As a matter of fact, in some animals it may take very extensive observations to determine the meaning.
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