被禁止的性行為與性暴力

性暴力: 性器官毀損: 藉口 5

（5）宗教的藉口

一些伊斯蘭社會認為女性性器官毀損是依據宗教戒律所必需的。實際上，這種習俗早于先知穆罕默德出生就存在，而且在可蘭經（Koran）裏沒有任何部分提到這種習俗。這種習俗的擁護者因此會引證穆罕默德言行錄（the Hadith），即敍說穆罕默德的詳細功績和語錄。不過，其中的一些言行錄似乎被人曲解了。甚至官方的聲明、埃及伊斯蘭最高當局、愛資哈爾清真寺教主錫克（the Grand Sheykh of Al-Azhar）也一再重申“在伊斯蘭法律的宗教戒律裏沒有這種習俗”。不管怎樣，雖然一些非穆斯林遵守這種習俗，但是世界上的多數穆斯林並不仿效。

（6）經濟的藉口

女性性器官毀損也有經濟方面的藉口：

• ① 這種手術是構成實施女性性器官毀損的那些人員的收入來源之一。終止這種習俗會剝奪他們的生計。

• ② 在一些文化裏，遭受陰戶部分切除和陰戶切除的女孩會得到較高的新娘定價，即由新郎家庭支付給新娘父母的金錢價格。這是新娘父母堅決要求實施這種手術的重要動機。

• ③ 在大多數涉及到女性性器官毀損的文化裏，婚姻是女性得到經濟保障的唯一途徑。但是，如果沒有這種手術，她們就沒有機會出嫁。

顯然，要改變這些社會環境簡直比登天還難！！！

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Justifications 5

Religion
Some Islamic communities believe that the mutilation of female sex organs is required by their religion. Actually, the practice predates the birth of the prophet Mohammed and is nowhere mentioned in the Koran. Proponents therefore cite the hadith, i.e. reports describing the deeds and sayings of the prophet. However, some of these seem to have been misinterpreted. Indeed, in an official declaration, the highest Islamic authority in Egypt, the Grand Sheykh of Al-Azhar, has reaffirmed that “no religious precept in Islam justifies the practice”. In any case, the majority of Muslims in the world do not follow it while some non-Muslims do.

Economics
The mutilation of female sex organs also has economic aspects:
1. The operations constitute a source of income for those who perform them. Ending the practice would deprive them of their livelihood.
2. In some cultures, girls who have undergone an excision or infibulation will command a higher bride price, i.e. money paid to her parents by the family of her bridegroom. This is an important incentive for her parents to insist on the operation.
3. In most of the cultures concerned, marriage is the only way for females to find economic security. However, without the operation they have no chance of finding a husband.

Obviously, changing these conditions is a very tall order.