（2）衛生的藉口

為女性性器官毀損辯護的論點簡直就洩露其擁戴者的醫學知識匱乏。例如，在一些部落，人們認為這種手術會增加生育能力或認為陰蒂頭對生孩子來說是一種妨礙，因而必須提前仔細地切除。有些人確信這種手術會預防女孩陰道膿腫和避免許多其它的健康問題。

惟有通過教育才能消除這樣的無知。

（3）愛美的藉口

在許多部落裏，未被毀損的女性性器官被人認為是難看的和令人厭惡的，而女性美的最普遍的觀念要求性器官應該以某種傳統的方式得到改造。其中的一些部落也讓她們相信“未環切的”陰戶有一種臭味道，並讓她們相信這種手術會除去這種味道。這些根深蒂固的信念難以改變。

Prohibited Sexual Behavior and Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence: Mutilation of Female Sex Organs: Justifications 3

Hygiene
Some arguments for the mutilation of female sex organs simply reveal the medical ignorance of their proponents. For example, in some communities people believe that the operation increases fertility or that the clitoral glans is an obstruction to the birth of a baby and therefore must be removed well in advance. Others are convinced that the operation protects the girls from vaginal abscesses and many other health problems.
Such ignorance can be overcome only by education.

Beauty
In many communities, unmutilated female sex organs are considered ugly and disgusting, and the prevailing ideal of female beauty requires that they should be altered in some traditional way. Some of these communities have also persuaded themselves that an “uncircumcized” vulva has a bad odor, and that the operation will remove it.
These deep-seated convictions are hard to change.