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緒論 - 什麼是性行為? |
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性行為當前的含義
4:
增進生存行為 |
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伊洛斯（愛神，左），正被賽納托斯（死神，右）束縛著自由。
（自古希臘花瓶畫。）
Eros, the god of love (left),
being restrained by Thanatos,
the god of death (right).
(After ancient Greek vase paintings.)
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術語“性行為（sexual
behavior）”可以是指所有“生存本能”的表現形式。
這是一個可以追溯到西格蒙德·佛洛伊德及其精神分析理論的、非常廣義的定義。是佛洛伊德提出了“利比多（libido）”[1]的概念，是他首先把與人的性欲（sexual
urge）相關聯的生理活力（physiological
energy）歸納為“利比多”；後來，他進而把人類所有秉持創造力所做出的努力也歸因於“利比多”。最終，他把人的生命視為由兩種對立的基本本能所統轄的有機體；這兩種對立的基本本能被他按照古希臘神的名字命名：伊洛斯（Eros，愛神；生存本能）和賽納托斯（Thanatos，死神；死亡本能）。這個觀點並沒有被他的所有後來者認可；不過，這種強烈的、天生的性本能（erotic
instinct）或性驅力（erotic
drive）的看法被廣泛地接納，甚至成為當代普遍流行的金科玉律。因而，在許多人的頭腦裏，“性驅力”開始代表著人類尋求所有快樂形式的動力。“性（sex）
”是每一種增進生存行為（life-enhancing
behavior）的潛在動機。
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Introduction - What is sexual behavior? |
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Current Meanings of the Term 4: Life-enhancing Behavior |
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The term "sexual behavior" can refer to all manifestations of the “life instinct”.
This is a very wide definition which can be traced to Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theory. It was Freud who advanced the concept of "libido" (Latin: lust) which for him at first summarized the physiological energy associated with sexual urges, and later all constructive human endeavor. Eventually, he saw human life as a whole dominated by two opposing basic instincts which he named after two ancient Greek gods: Eros (the life instinct) and Thanatos (the death instinct). This view was not shared by all of his followers, but the notion of a powerful innate erotic instinct or drive was widely adopted and even became part of modern popular wisdom. Thus, in many minds "the sex drive" came to stand for man's pursuit of pleasure in all its forms. "Sex" was the underlying motive of every life-enhancing activity. |
